International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)

Fat build-up can lead to inflammation, which in turn exacerbates health conditions and intensifies complications associated with obesity. This is also related to obesity related gene factors, the FTO gene, which is thought to increase visceral fat. This review investigates the relationship between FTO gene polymorphisms rs9939609 and rs1421085 and visceral fat accumulation. A systematic review was carried out through searches in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane databases, from the index date from 2010 to October 2024. Studies with case control, cohort, and cross-sectional designs that discussed the relationship between FTO gene polymorphisms rs9939609 and rs1421085 and increased risk of visceral fat in obese patients were included in this study. This study included 19.732 samples from 11 cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. Five studies revealed that the A allele of rs9939609 and the T allele of rs1421085 were significantly associated with increased visceral fat levels. Findings on the involvement of FTO gene polymorphisms rs9939609 and rs1421085 in visceral fat risk remain inconclusive and warrant further investigation. Therefore, we as researchers support further research that includes the role of this gene in visceral fat using analysis so that it can confirm more precise results in statistics.