International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)
Babol University of Medical Sciences
Wed, May 27, 2026
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Volume 15, Issue 1 (Int J Mol Cell Med 2026)
Int J Mol Cell Med 2026, 15(1): 1228-1239 |
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Taeb I N, Jebur A S, Aljabery R. Association of Endocrine, Metabolic, and Trace-Element Profiles Associated with Stage I–III Colon Cancer in Iraqi Male Patients: A Cross-Sectional, Case-Control Study. Int J Mol Cell Med 2026; 15 (1) :1228-1239
URL: http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-2705-en.html
URL: http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-2705-en.html
1- Pathological Analyses Department, College of Science, University of Sumer , assamneghamish@gmail.com
2- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq
2- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq
Abstract: (38 Views)
Colorectal cancer is often associated with endocrine and metabolic disturbances. These alterations reflect interactions between the tumor and the host. The aim of this study was to evaluate hormonal, metabolic, and trace-element profiles in male patients with colon cancer (stages I–III). The associations between these biomarkers and disease stage were also examined. In this cross-sectional, case-control study, 300 histopathologically confirmed male patients with colon cancer (stages I–III) and 100 age-matched healthy controls (50–70 years) were enrolled. Serum levels of thyroid hormones (T3, T4, TSH), parathyroid hormone (PTH), parathyroid hormone–related peptide (PTHrP), calcium, vitamin D, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), β-catenin, ferritin, and trace elements (Zn, Cu, Se, Mg, Mn) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Statistical analyses including one-way ANOVA with post hoc testing, false discovery rate correction, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and multivariate regression were used. Several endocrine and metabolic markers differed significantly between cancer patients and controls. Compared with controls, cancer patients showed thyroid dysfunction, reduced PTH with elevated calcium and PTHrP, pronounced vitamin D deficiency, and higher IGF-1 and β-catenin levels. Moreover, trace-element analysis revealed reduced zinc, selenium, magnesium, manganese, and ferritin levels alongside elevated copper concentrations. Multivariate analyses revealed stage-related biomarker patterns and complex relationship among markers. Colon cancer in men was associated with coordinated endocrine, metabolic, and trace-element alterations detectable from early stages, supporting the value of integrated biomarker profiling.
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: Original Article |
Subject:
Genetics & Disease
Received: 2025/11/11 | Accepted: 2026/02/7 | Published: 2026/01/21
Received: 2025/11/11 | Accepted: 2026/02/7 | Published: 2026/01/21
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