International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)

This research aimed to compare the effects of chemical gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and green gold nanoparticles (gGNPs) derived from Achillea bielineeinii (AB) extract (gGNP) on antrum diameter. The expression of genes linked to follicular development in NMRI mice. Real-time PCR and ImageJ software were utilized to evaluate gene expression and antrum diameter, respectively.

The gGNPs notably increased the antrum diameter of secondary follicles at a dose of 100 μg/ml compared to that of the GNPs at the same dosage (p ≤ 0.05). The antrum diameter of the transplant follicles did not significantly differ across the experimental groups or from the control group. The real-time PCR results showed an increase in the expression of all studied genes (BMP-15, GDF-9, SOD, and GPx) in response to both GNP and gGNPs. However, the impact of gGNPs on gene expression was significantly more than that of GNPs (p ≤ 0.05), except for for the SOD gene. Overall, these findings suggest that the use of AB enhances the effects of GNP on parameters associated with follicular development.