Transplantation of H-AdMSCs may improve heart function after MI. AVP is a neurohypophyseal hormone that reduces cardiovascular damage. This study investigated the role of AVP preconditioning in the survival of MSCs and their effect on myocardial repair in the MI rats. H-AMSCs were isolated and incubated for 3 days. The expression of oxytocin and vasopressin receptors was evaluated by Real-time-PCR. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control, sham, ASC and AVP-ASC. Ischemia was established by ligation of LAD coronary artery. Electrocardiography, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and apoptosis in myocardium were determined after 7 days. Results showed that preconditioned MSCs significantly increased cardiac function when compared with group that received non-preconditioned MSCs. This was associated with significantly reduced fibrosis, increased vascular density, and decreased resident myocyte apoptosis. Results indicate that AVP preconditioned MSCs can be consider a novel approach to management of MI.