International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)

The process of osseointegration for dental implants is complex and can be influenced by localized inflammation. The NF-κB signaling system plays a crucial role in regulating inflammatory responses. This review examines the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating the NF-κB pathway in inflammatory conditions associated with dental implants, including periodontitis, alveolar bone abnormalities, and estrogen deficiency models. A review of prior research demonstrates that miRNAs, specifically miR-146a, miR-21a-5p, miR-182, and miR-100-5p, modulate NF-κB activation and maintain the balance between osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis by targeting molecules such as FoxO1, TLR4, and PDCD4. These interactions lead to a reduction in reactive oxygen species, inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-1β and TNF-α), and an elevation in osteogenic markers (such as Runx2 and ALP). The findings indicate that the miRNA-NF-κB axes can lead to peri-implantitis and implant failure. On the other hand, miRNA-based therapeutics, such as agomirs and antagomirs, might assist in improving osseointegration outcomes. This study highlights the importance of miRNAs in modulating NF-κB inflammation for the effectiveness of dental implants and suggests avenues for further research.