@article{ author = {Mehrasa, Roya and Vaziri, Hamidreza and Oodi, Arezoo and Khorshidfar, Mona and Nikogoftar, Mahin and Golpour, Monireh and Amirizadeh, Naser}, title = {Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Feeder Layer Can Prevent Apoptosis of Expanded Hematopoietic Stem Cells Derived from Cord Blood}, abstract ={Umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been used for transplantation in the treatment of hematologic disorders as a source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Because of insufficient number of cord blood CD34+ cells, the expansion of these cells seems to be important for clinical application. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), playing an important role in HSCs maintenance, were used as feeder layer. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution of expanded cells were analyzed in MSCs co-culture and cytokine conditions and results were compared. Three culture conditions of cord blood HSCs were prepared ex-vivo for 14 days: cytokines (SCF, TPO and Flt3L) with MSCs feeder layer, cytokines without MSCs feeder layer and co-culture with MSCs without cytokines. Expansion was followed by measuring the total nucleated cells (TNCs), CD34+ cells and colonyforming unit (CFU) output. Flow cytometry analysis of stained cells by annexin V and propidium iodide was performed for detection of apoptosis rate and cell cycle distribution in expanded cells. Maximum cord blood CD34+ cells expansion was observed in day 10. The mean fold change of TNCs and CD34+ cells at day 10 in the co-culture system with cytokines was significantly higher than the cytokine culture without MSCs feeder layer and co-culture system without cytokines (n=6, p=0.023). The highest apoptosis rate and the least number of cells in Go/G1 phase were observed in cytokine culture without feeder layer (p=0.041). The expansion of cord blood HSCs on MSCs as a feeder layer resulted in higher proliferation and reduction in apoptosis rate.}, Keywords = {Cord blood expansion, apoptosis, co-culture, mesenchymal stem cell}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-97-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-97-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Pourghasem, Mohsen and Nasiri, Ebrahim and Shafi, Hami}, title = {Early Renal Histological Changes in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats}, abstract ={Diabetes mellitus is a progressive disease. Most investigators have focused on glomerular changes in diabetic kidney and non-glomerular alterations have been less attended. The present study has been conducted to find early non-glomerular histological changes in diabetic renal tissue. Twenty male Wistar rats weighting 200-250 g were used for the diabetic group. Diabetes mellitus was induced by single injection of Alloxan. After 8 weeks, paraffin embedded blocks of kidneys were prepared for evaluating the histological changes due to diabetes. Histological study showed the deposit of eosinophilic materials in the intermediate substantial of medulla and thickening of renal arterial wall in the kidney of 70% of diabetic rats. The average weight of kidneys increased when compared to non diabetic animals. Furthermore, the amount of blood flow in arteries of all diabetic kidneys has been enhanced. The present study demonstrates some early renal histological changes in diabetes mellitus which were earlier compared to those reported previously. Diabetic nephropathy is a progressive disease and renal care design can help better prognosis achievement.}, Keywords = {Key words: Diabetes mellitus, kidney, alloxan}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {11-15}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-116-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-116-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Farhadi, Leila and Mohammadi-Motlagh, Hamid-Reza and Seyfi, Parivash and Mostafaie, Ali}, title = {Low Concentrations of Flavonoid - Rich Fraction of Shallot Extract Induce Delayed - Type Hypersensitivity and TH1 Cytokine IFN-gamma Expression in Balb/C Mice}, abstract ={Flavonoids are potentially immunomodulatory factors and it may be inferred that these phytochemicals contribute to immunomodulatory properties of the Allium family. In the present study, we investigated the potential mechanism underlying the immunomodulatory effect of shallot and its ethyl acetate (EA) fraction as flavonoid-rich sources. Ex vivo, effects of a hydroalcoholic extract of shallot, its fractions and quercetin on lymphocyte viability were evaluated. The proliferative effects of the fractions were examined using naive mouse lymphocytes to determine the fraction with highest impact/ activity. In addition, in a mouse model, both delayed- type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses and production of a key cytokine (interferon [IFN]-gamma) were evaluated. Both the shallot extract and its fractions inhibited lymphocytes cell growth and survival in a concentration- dependent manner. The findings also showed that the extract and especially the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction could induce lymphocyte proliferation. The evaluation of the extract and its EA fraction on DTH responses indicated that both caused a significant increase in DTH response. Furthermore, they triggered significant increases in IFNγ and decreases in interleukin (IL)-4 production by splenic mononuclear cells. Because of the significant immunomodulatory activity displayed in these studies, it is plausible that shallot could have a potential use as an immunomodulatory agent in clinical settings.}, Keywords = {Allium ascalonicum, immunomodulation, delayed-type hypersensitivity, interferon-gamma, hydroalcoh-olic extract}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {16-25}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-127-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-127-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {TaghipourFardArdekani, Mehdi and Malekzadeh, Mahyar and VahidHosseini, Mohammad and Bordbar, Elahe and Mojtahei, Zahra and Doroudchi, Mehrnoosh and Ghaderi, Abbas}, title = {Evaluation of pre-treatment serum levels of IL-7 and GM-CSF in colorectal cancer patients}, abstract ={Background: Survival of Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is considerably stage-dependent therefore, early diagnosis is a pivotal factor in decreasing mortality and morbidity associated with this cancer. GM-CSF and IL-7 are reported to increase in different cancers and we aim to investigate the pre-treatment serum levels of GM-CSF and IL-7 in Iranian patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: 127 patients (68 males and 59 females) before receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy entered to this study. A control group of 50 healthy age/sex matched individuals (27 males and 23 females) were included in the study. Serum levels of GM-CSF and IL-7 were measured using commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Results: A significantly higher level of GM-CSF was found in the sera of patients with colorectal cancer compared with healthy age/sex matched controls (p=0.013). However, there was no significant difference between the levels of IL-7 in sera of patients and controls. We observed a significant elevation in the level of GM-CSF in poorly differentiated tumors (p=0.024). Also a significant correlation between lymphatic invasion and the level of GM-CSF in sera of CRC patients was detected (p=0.01). We found an increase in the level of IL-7 in the three patients in the moderate stages of the tumor concomitant with a decrease in the level of GM-CSF. Conclusion: Increase in the level of GM-CSF is accompanied by CRC progression in Iranian patients, while there may be a potential therapeutic effect of IL-7 in this disease.}, Keywords = {Colorectal cancer, Serum, GM-CSF, IL-7 }, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {26-34}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-112-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-112-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Ghaffari, Salman and Kalantari, Narges and Hart, Charles A}, title = {A Multi-locus Study for Detection of Cryptosporidium Species Isolated from Calves Population, Liverpool UK}, abstract ={Cryptosporidium is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite infecting a wide range of hosts. The current study investigated the genetic profile of Cryptosporidium species in calves in Liverpool, England. Fifty-two calve fecal samples were collected from a farm and initially screened by Auramine phenol, modified Ziehl-Neelsen and ELISA. PCR analysis of 18S rRNA gene was carried out for the positive samples. Then, positive PCR samples were genotyped by an 18S rRNA- based PCR-RFLP, COWP - based PCR- RFLP PCR of GP60 and HSP70 genes. Additionally, sequence analysis was carried out based on representative isolates of four loci. Cryptosporidium oocysts and antigens were detected in 34 out if 52 (65.4%) samples using screening techniques. Genotype analysis showed the presence of C. hominis and C. parvum in one and thirteen samples, respectively. Furthermore, subtypes of C. hominis Ib, C. parvum IIa C. parvum subtype 2 were identified by GP60 and HSP70 sequences, respectively. These findings indicate the diversity of the molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium species in calves’ isolates. Moreover, referring to the literature we report two new subtypes of C. parvum IIa and a rare case of C. hominis Ib in calves population.}, Keywords = {Cryptosporidium, Calves, Sub-type, UK}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {35-42}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-121-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-121-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Motalleb, Gholamrez}, title = {Listeria Monocytogenes La111 and Klebsiella Pneumoniae KCTC 2242: Shine-Dalgarno Sequences}, abstract ={Listeria monocytogenes can cause serious infection and recently, relapse of listeriosis has been reported in leukemia and colorectal cancer, and the patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae are at increased risk of colorectal cancer. Translation initiation codon recognition is basically mediated by Shine-Dalgarno (SD) and the anti-SD sequences at the small ribosomal RNA (ssu rRNA). In this research, Shine-Dalgarno sequences prediction in Listeria monocytogenes La111 and Klebsiella pneumoniae KCTC 2242 was investigated. The whole genomic sequence of Listeria monocytogenes La111 and Klebsiella pneumoniae KCTC 2242 were retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ (Listeria monocytogenes La111 NCBI Reference sequence: NC_020557 Klebsiella pneumoniae KCTC 2242 NCBI Reference sequence: CP002910) in order to be analyzed with DAMBE software and BLAST. The results showed that the consensus sequence for Klebsiella pneumoniae KCTC 2242 was CCCCCCCUCCCCCUCCCCCUCCUCCUCCUUUUUAAAAAAGGGGAAAAACC and for Listeria monocytogenes La111 was CCCCCCCUCCCCCUUUCCCUCCUAUUCUUAUAAAAGGGGG-GGGGUUCAC. The PSD was higher in Listeria monocytogenes La111 compared to Klebsiella pneumoniae KCTC 2242 (0.9090> 0.8618). The results showed that Nm in Listeria monocytogenes La111 was higher than Klebsiella pneumoniae KCTC 2242 (4.5846> 4.4862). Accurate characterization of SD sequences may increase our knowledge on how an organism’s transcriptome is related to its cellular proteome.}, Keywords = {Molecular biology, genomics, microbiology, Shine-Dalgarno sequences}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {43-50}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-119-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-119-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Bahari, Pejman and Salehi, Mitra and Seyyedabadi, Mohsen and Mohammadi, Ahm}, title = {Molecular Identification of Macroscopic And Microscopic Cysts of Sarcocystis in Sheep in North Khorasan Province, Iran}, abstract ={Sarcocystis is an obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite which can infect humans and animals. Sheep are intermediate hosts of four Sarcocystis species: Sarcocystis tenella, Sarcocystis gigantea, Sarcocystis arieticanis, and Sarcocystis medusiformision. The purpose of the study was to determine the molecular identification of the macroscopic and microscopic cysts of Sarcocystis in sheep. In this investigation, we assessed the macroscopic and microscopic cysts of Sarcocystis in sheep carcasses. The digestion method was used for observing of bradyzoite in heart, liver, diaphragm and muscle samples. PCR Analysis was conducted on macroscopic and microscopic cysts and also all other samples. Sequencing was done for ten PCR products. Genotypes were identified by Blast search and homology analysis. Macrocyst was seen in two muscle tissues. Digested method and PCR analysis were positive in all samples (heart, liver, diaphragm muscle). Genotyping of ten tissues samples proved that the genotype of macroscopic and microscopic cysts belonged to Sarcocystis gigantea and Sarcocystis tenella, respectively. Microscopic cysts are more prevalent than macroscopic cysts and they can cause enormous economic losses.}, Keywords = {Sarcocystis tenella, Sarcocystis gigantea, Molecular analysis}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {51-56}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-117-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-117-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Assadi, Najmeh and Zabihi, Ebrahim and Khosravifarsani, Meysam and Khafri, Soraya and AkhavanNiaki, Haleh and Amiri, Mehrangiz and ShabestaniMonfared, Ali}, title = {Radioadaptive Response in Human Lymphocyte Cells}, abstract ={The adaptive response (AR) is a phenomenon by which cells exposure to sublethal doses of DNA-damaging agents (non-mutagenic dose of chemical or radiation), known as conditioning treatment (CT), leads to increased resistance to a subsequent exposure to a higher dose of the same or other agents, known as challenge treatment (CR). The adaptive response (AR) induced by radiation in human lymphocytes has been reported in a range of 1-20cGy pre-exposure. In this study, we investigated the adaptive response using 5cGy conditioning dose of gamma rays followed by 2 Gy challenging dose in peripheral human lymphocyte cells. Blood samples were taken from 30 female volunteers and this experiment was carried out by delivering 5 cGy gamma radiation followed by 2 Gy of challenging. Consequently, the number of micronuclei (MN) in binuclear lymphocyte cells was counted as an endpoint. The results showed that the mean frequency of micronuclei in binuclear lymphocytes which have received both conditioning and challenge doses are significantly reduced in comparison to those only exposed to 2 Gy (20.46±2.13, 30.2±3.29) (P< 0.01). The results showed the existence of an in vitro adaptive response in lymphocyte cell exposed to low dose of gamma radiations.}, Keywords = {Adaptive Response (AR), challenge treatment (CR), condition treatment (CT), micronuclei assay}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {57-60}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-107-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-107-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Srivastava, Shikha and Shahi, U P and Dibya, Arti and Gupta, Sadhana and Roy, Jagat K}, title = {Distribution of HPV Genotypes and Involvement of Risk Factors in Cervical Lesions and Invasive Cervical Cancer: A Study in an Indian Population}, abstract ={Human papilloma virus (HPV) is considered as the main sexually transmitted etiological agent for the cause and progression of preneoplastic cervical lesions to cervical cancer. This study is discussing the prevalence of HPV and its genotypes in cervical lesions and invasive cervical cancer tissues and their association with various risk factors in women from Varanasi and its adjoining areas in India. A total of 122 cervical biopsy samples were collected from SS Hospital and Indian Railways Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Varanasi and were screened for HPV infection by PCR using primers from L1 consensus region of the viral genome. HPV positive samples were genotyped by type-specific PCR and sequencing. The association of different risk factors with HPV infection in various grades of cervical lesion was evaluated by chi-square test. A total of 10 different HPV genotypes were observed in women with cervicitis, CIN, invasive squamous cell cervical carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Increased frequency of HPV infection with increasing lesion grade (p=0.002) was observed. HPV16 being the predominant type was found significantly associated with severity of the disease (p=0.03). Various socio- demographic factors other than HPV including high parity (p<0.0001), rural residential area (p<0.0001), elder age (p<0.0001), low socio-economic status (p<0.0001) and women in postmenopausal group (p<0.0001) were also observed to be associated with cervical cancer.These findings show HPV as a direct cause of cervical cancer suggesting urgent need of screening programs and HPV vaccination in women with low socio-economic status and those residing in rural areas.}, Keywords = {Cervical cancer, clinical- pathological parameters, genotypes, human papillomavirus, socio-demographic factors, rural area}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {61-73}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-158-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-158-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Golpour, Monireh and AkhavanNiaki, Haleh and Khorasani, Hamid Reza and Hajian, Arian and Mehrasa, Roya and Mostafazadeh, Amrollah}, title = {Human Fibroblast Switches to Anaerobic Metabolic Pathway in Response to Serum Starvation: A Mimic of Warburg Effect}, abstract ={Fibroblasts could be considered as connective tissue cells that are morphologically heterogeneous with diverse functions depending on their location and activity. These cells play critical role in health and disease such as cancer and wound by Production of collagen, fibronectin, cytokines and growth factors. Absence of insulin and other growth factors in serum deprivation condition and similarity of this condition to the environment of tumor cells and ulcer made us to investigate anaerobic glycolysis in these cells. To this end, we cultured fibroblasts isolated from fresh human newborn foreskin in serum free medium for 16, 24, 48 and 72 hrs and measured glucose consumption, lactate secretion and intracellular LDH in these cells. The results showed despite the lack of insulin, the 16hr serum starved fibroblasts consumed glucose similar to non-starved fibroblasts control. Moreover, in this condition these cells secreted higher levels of lactate and exhibited higher levels of intracellular LDH in comparison to non-starved fibroblasts control. Thus it could be concluded that in serum starvation condition, the newborn human dermal fibroblasts may change the metabolic strategy to Warburg effect. This finding opens a new perspective to further understanding the basic mechanisms involved in communication between tumor cells and fibroblasts.}, Keywords = {Fibroblast, serum starvation, lactate, warburg effect}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {74-80}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-143-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-143-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Seyedmajidi, Seyed Ali and Seyedmajidi, Maryam and Moghadamnia, Aliakbar and Khani, Zohrah and Zahedpasha, Samir and Jenabian, Niloofar and Joorsaraee, Gholamali and Halalkhor, Sohrab and Motallebnejad, Mi}, title = {Effect of Zinc-Deficient Diet on Oral Tissues and Periodontal Indices in Rats}, abstract ={Zinc (Zn) as a nutritional factor affects the health of the oral tissues. This study was done for the evaluation of the effects of zinc deficiency on the oral tissues of rats. The study was carried out on 14 male Wistar rats, cessation of lactation on the 24th day after birth. The rats were randomly divided into two groups. Zinc deficient (ZD) diet was used for one group and another group was fed with a zinc-containing (ZC) diet. The alterations of the oral tissues in both groups were evaluated clinically after four weeks. Also the gingival index and periodontal pocket depth were recorded. The measurement of serum zinc level was done by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The microscopic slides of oral tissue specimen were evaluated quantitatively. The serum zinc level of the ZD rats was lower than the ZC group (p< 0.001). According clinical findings, the gingival index was lower in ZC rat (p=0.001), but there was no significant difference regarding the periodontal pocket depth between two groups (p=0.07). Aphthous ulcer was observed in ZD rats on the floor of the mouth. There was no significant difference regarding the epithelial and keratin thickening between two groups. This study indicated that oral and periodontal health was better in ZC rats than in ZD rats. Aphthous lesions were more prominent in ZD rats. This study confirmed that zinc deficiency may endanger oral and periodo ntal structures.}, Keywords = {Zinc, oral tissue, periodontal indices}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {81-87}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-114-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-114-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Yalcintepe, Sinem and Silan, Fatma and Hacivelioglu, Servet and Uludag, Ahmet and Cosar, Emine and Ozdemir, Ozturk}, title = {Fetal Vegf Genotype is More Important for Abortion Risk than Mother Genotype}, abstract ={Background VEGF gene has been reported to be related with many diseases and recurrent pregnancy loss in various studies. VEGF polymorphisms are risk factors for pregnancy losses, and generally studies report only women’s genetic analyses. To evaluate the association between VEGF A C405G, C460T, C936T and C2578A polymorphisms and spontaneous abortion, we studied the genotypes of spontaneously aborted fetuses, their mothers and healthy control cases. Methods 23 spontaneously aborted fetal materials, 22 mothers who had these abortions and 86 healthy control cases included to this study. VEGF A C405G, C460T, C936T and C2578A polymorphisms are analysed by Real Time PCR technique after genomic DNA isolation from all samples. Results VEGF A +405GG genotype and +405G allele were higher in fetuses comparing both with mothers and healthy control group. VEGF A +936TT genotype and +936T allele were higher in fetuses comparing with mothers. VEGF A +460C/T polymorphism CT and TT genotypes were higher in fetuses comparing with mothers. Conclusions We ascertained that VEGF A +405C/G, +460C/T, and +936C/T polymorphisms are risk factors for spontaneous abortion in fetal genotypes comparing with their mothers and healthy control cases.}, Keywords = {Spontaneous abortion, VEGF, Polymorphism, Fetus, SNP}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {88-94}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-154-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-154-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Seghatoleslam, Atefeh and Bozorg-Ghalati, Farzaneh and Monabati, Ahmad and Nikseresht, Mohsen and Owji, Ali Akbar}, title = {UBE2Q1, as Down Regulated Gene in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia}, abstract ={Ubiquitin - proteasome system (UPS), the major protein degradation pathway in the cells, typically degrades short - lived and damaged proteins and regulates growth and stress responses. This pathway is altered in various cancers, including Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). ALL begins with a change in bone marrow cells and is the most common type of leukemia in children under 15 years. UBE2Q1 as a new characterized gene of E2 enzyme family is located on chromosome 1 and reported to be altered in some malignancies. In this study, we aimed to explore the expression pattern of UBE2Q1 gene in children with ALL. For this purpose, a series of RT - PCR and quantitative RT - PCR were performed on a collection of 20 bone marrow samples of ALL patients and the same number of whole blood samples of age - matched normal subjects. Gel electrophoresis of RT - PCR products revealed the expression of UBE2Q1 mRNA in most of the normal (90%) and about half of the leukemic (45%) samples. QRT - PCR data indicated that only 1 patient out of 20 (5%) showed up regulation of the gene (> 2 folds). In 4 patients (20%), the expression of UBE2Q1 mRNA was equivocal (from 1/2 to 2) and in 15 cases (75%), the gene was down regulated (> 1/2) when compared to the normal samples. In conclusion, down regulation of UBE2Q1 in the majority of the leukemic samples suggests its potential implication in the pathogenesis of ALL. UBE2Q1 can be considered as a molecular marker and a candidate targeting to treat ALL in the future.}, Keywords = {Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, UBE2Q1, QRT-PCR, pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {95-101}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-130-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-130-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Fattahi, Sadegh and MotevalizadehArdekani, Ali and Zabihi, Ebrahim and Abedian, Zeinab and Mostafazadeh, Amrollah and Pourbagher, Roghayeh and Akhavan-Niaki, Haleh}, title = {Total Phenolics and Flavonoids Contents of Aqueous Extract of Stinging nettle and In Vitro Antiproliferative Effect on Hela and BT- 474 cell lines}, abstract ={Phenolic compounds including flavonoids and phenolic acids are plants secondary metabolites. Due to their ability to act as antioxidant agents, there is a growing interest to use those components in traditional medicine for cancer prevention or treatment. The aim of this study was to measure the amounts of total phenolics and flavonoids as well as anti-proliferative effect of aqueous extract of Stinging nettle on BT-474 and Hela cell lines. The amounts of phenolics content and total flavonoids were determined by folin ciocalteu and aluminium chloride methods, respectively. The free radical scavenging activity was measured by using diphenyl - picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The reducing power of the extract was measured in the presence of potassium hexacyanoferrate and its antiproliferative activity was assessed on BT-474 and Hela cell lines using MTT assay. Total phenolic content was 322.941± 11.811 mg gallic acid/g extract. Total flavonoid content was 133.916±12.006 mg Catechin/g. The IC50 of DPPH radical was 1.2 mg/ ml and the reducing power was 218.9± 15.582 μg ascorbic acid/ g. Cell viability of BT-474 cells decreased to less than half of the control (no added extract) at the presence of 3 mg/ ml extract while no significant changes were detected for Hela cells at similar conditions. There was no significant difference in the percentage of surviving cells between consecutive days (day 1, 2 and 3) for both BT-474 and Hela cells (P>0.05). Although the relatively high amount of phenolic and flavonoid contents of the aqueous extract make this plant a promising candidate for diseases treatment however, there is not a direct relationship between the amounts of these antioxidant components and the efficiency in in vitro cancer treatment.}, Keywords = {Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Antioxidant activity, Stinging nettle, Antiproliferative Effect}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {102-107}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-131-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-131-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Moazzezy, Neda and Oloomi, Mana and Bouzari, Saei}, title = {Effect of Shiga Toxin And Its Subunits On Cytokine Induction in Different Cell Lines}, abstract ={Shiga toxins (Stxs) are bacterial virulence factors produced by Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and Escherichia coli strains. Stxs are critical factors for the development of diseases such as severe bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Additionally, Stxs trigger the secretion of pro- inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, particularly in monocytes or macrophages. The inflammatory cytokines result in the modulation of the immune system, local inflammations and enhancement of cytotoxicity. In this study, stimulation of the pro- inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α was assessed by recombinant Stx (rStx) and its subunits (rStxA and rStxB). Cytokines expression at mRNA level was investigated by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method in HeLa cells and THP1 monocyte/ macrophage cell lines. After incubation with rStx and its recombinant subunits, the expression of IL-1α, IL- 6 and IL- 8 mRNAs was strongly induced in HeLa cells. In HeLa cells, low expression of IL-1α mRNA was shown by rStxB induction. Furthermore, the expression of IL-1α and IL-1β mRNAs in undifferentiated THP1 cells was only induced by rStx. In differentiated THP1 cells, rStx and its recombinant subunits elicited the expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-8 and IL- 6 mRNAs. On the other hand, expression of TNF-α mRNA was only induced by rStx. Based on the data, the profile of cytokine induction in response to the rStx, and its subunits differs depending on the cell types.}, Keywords = {Cytokine, heLa cell line, shiga toxin, THP1 cell line}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {108-117}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-148-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-148-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Monemi, Mohammad Bagher and Kazemitabar, Kamal and Khaniki, Gholamreza Bakhshee and Yasari, Esmaeil and Sohrevardi, Firouzeh and Pourbagher, Roghayeh}, title = {Tissue Culture Study of the Medicinal Plant Leek (Allium ampeloprasum L.)}, abstract ={Persian shallot, also called leek (Allium ampeloprasum), is a monocotyledon plant of the lily family (Liliaceae). It belongs to the genus Allium, has a characteristic taste and morphological features, and is considered as one of the oniony vegetables. This research was conducted with the purpose of obtaining optimal conditions for tissue culture of Persian shallot and of comparing calli and leaf tissues of this plant with respect to in vivo presence of ethereal oils. In this study, the auxin hormone 2, 4–D at three levels (0.5, 0.1, and zero), the hormone BAP at three levels (0.5, 0.1, and zero), and Kin at two levels (zero, and 0.5) were used in the format of a randomized complete block design in three replications. Results obtained showed that the best culture for callus formation for explants – leaf samples and the best culture for callus formation in explants – seed samples were the MS cultures with the hormonal compositions (0.5 mg of 2, 4–D, 0.1 mg of BAP) and (0.5 mg of Kin and 0.1 mg of 2, 4–D). Identification of the chemical composition of the essential oils of the various species of this plant was carried out by using an essential oil analysis GC mass. Twenty one compounds were observed in the column obtained from the GC mass, seven of which (constituting about 51.5% of the total amount of compounds present in the essential oils) were identified.}, Keywords = {Leek, Allium ampeloprasum, tissue culture, chromatography, essential oil}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {118-125}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-133-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-133-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Shomali, Tahoora and Mosleh, Najmeh and kamalpour, Mohamm}, title = {Screening of Different Organs of Rats for HCA2 Receptor mRNA}, abstract ={Interest in hydroxy - carboxylic acid 2 (HCA2) receptor has been raised since it is the target of antidyslipidemic drug nicotinic acid. The present study aimed to evaluate the presence of mRNA of this receptor in different organs of laboratory rat. Twenty two different organs of rats including mesenteric fat, epididymis (head, body and tail), testis, ovary, xiphoid process, liver, adrenal gland, femoral head, proximal epiphyseal and metaphyseal bone marrow of femur, esophagus, glandular stomach, forestomach, intestines, colons, heart, spleen, kidney, trachea, lung, skeletal muscle (quadriceps), cerebrum and cerebellum were removed and examined for HCA2 mRNA by RT- PCR method. The mRNA for HCA2 receptor was detected in all tissues analyzed. In conclusion, different organs of rat express HCA2 receptor mRNA which makes it a proper animal model for future studies on the physiological and pharmacological roles of this receptor in vivo.}, Keywords = {HCA2 receptor mRNA, rat, RT-PCR}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {126-129}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-132-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-132-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Krishnan, Kannabiran and Mercy, Benit}, title = {Extraction and Identification of Antibacterial Secondary Metabolites From Marine Streptomyces sp. VITBRK2}, abstract ={Actinomycetes were isolated from marine sediment samples collected from the east coast of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Well diffusion and agar plug methods were used for the evaluation of antibiotic production by these isolates against drug resistant Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE). The potential isolate VITBRK2 was mass cultured for morphological and physiological characterization. The culturing conditions of the isolate were optimized and the recommendations of International Streptomyces Project were followed for the assimilation of carbon and nitrogen sources. The isolate was identified by comparing the properties with representative species in the key of Nonomura and Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Ethyl acetate extract prepared from the cell free culture broth of the isolate was analyzed using HPLC- diode array technique to characterize the metabolites and identify the antibiotics. VITBRK2 was found to be Gram-positive rod grey color aerial mycelium production. It was also non motile in nature with spiral spore chain morphology. VITBRK2 was identified as Streptomyces and designated as Streptomyces sp. VITBRK2. HPLC-DAD analysis showed the presence of indolo compounds (3- methyl-indole and 2-methyl- indole) along with amicoumacin antibiotic. The observed activity of Streptomyces sp. VITBRK2 against MRSA and VRE strains may be due to the presence of indolo compounds in the isolate. The results of this study suggested that secondary metabolites produced by Streptomyces sp. VITBRK2 could be used as a lead to control drug resistant bacterial pathogens.}, Keywords = {Streptomyces sp. VITBRK2, drug resistance, anti-MRSA activity, anti- VRE activity, indoloco-mpounds}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {130-137}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-179-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-179-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {PoorsattarBejehMir, Arash and Parsian, Hadi and AkbariKhoram, Maryam and Ghasemi, Nafiseh and Bijani, Ali and KhosraviSamani, Mahmoo}, title = {Diagnostic Role of Salivary and GCF Nitrite, Nitrate and Nitric Oxide to Distinguish Healthy Periodontium from Gingivitis and Periodontitis}, abstract ={Diagnosis of subclinical and early stage clinical periodontal dysfunction could prevent from further socioeconomic burden. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic applicability of nitric oxide and its end-metabolites in periodontal tissue health and disease. Forty-two patients were enrolled and divided into three groups according to gingivitis (GI) and clinical attachment level (CAL) indices: a healthy group (GI<1, CAL1, CAL>1) and c: periodontitis (CAL>1) with 14 patients in each group. Unstimulated saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were collected. Samples were evaluated for nitrite, nitrate and total nitric oxide contents with the ELISA method. In addition, CAL, GI, plaque index (PI), decay, missing, filling (DMFT) and bleeding index (BI) scores were also recorded. Except for GCF nitrite content (P= 0.89), there was an increasing trend for measured biomarkers in both saliva and GCF (Periodontitis> gingivitis> healthy periodontium, P< 0.05). Data remained stable after simultaneous adjustment for DMFT and BI scores as confounding factors. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, cut point and p- value were as the followings: GCF nitrate (0.71, 0.11, 0.29,0.43, 4.97, P= 0.04), nitric oxide GCF ( 0.64, 0.18, 0.28, 0.5, 10.12, P= 0.04), nitrite saliva (0.93, 0.96,0.93,0.96,123.48, P< 0.001), salivary nitrate (0.93, 0.96, 0.93, 0.96, 123.6, P< 0.001), salivary nitric oxide (0.93, 0.96, 0.93, 0.96, 246.65, P <0.001). Our results revealed that NO plays an important role in the process of destruction of periodontal tissues. Within the limitation of our study, detecting NO biomarker and its end metabolites in saliva is of more value to assess the periodontal health comparing to GCF.}, Keywords = {Periodontitis, gingivitis, nitric oxide, saliva, biomarker}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {138-145}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-153-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-153-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Davami, Fatemeh and Baldi, Lucia and Rajendra, Yashas and Wurm, Florian M.}, title = {Peptone Supplementation of Culture Medium Has Variable Effects on the Productivity of CHO Cells}, abstract ={The optimization of cell culture conditions for growth and productivity of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells is a critical step in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. In the present study, the effects of the timing and amount of peptone feeding of a recombinant CHO cell line grown in a basal medium in serum-free suspension culture were determined for eight peptones of different origin (plant and casein). The amino acid content and the average molecular weight of the peptones chosen were available. In optimized feeding strategies with single peptones, increase 100 % volumetric productivity and 40 % in cell number were achieved. In feeding strategies with two peptones, several combinations stimulated protein productivity more than either peptone alone, depending on the peptone concentration and time of feeding. Some peptones, which did not stimulate productivity when added alone proved to be effective when used in combination. The combined peptones feeding strategies were more effective with peptones of different origin. Our data support the notion that the origin of peptones provides some guidance in identifying the most effective feeding strategies for recombinant CHO cells.}, Keywords = {Feeding strategy, mammalian cell culture, plant peptones, recombinant proteins, stable CHO cell lines}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {146-156}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-183-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-183-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {AghabozorgAfjeh, Sarah Sadat and Ghaderian, Sayyed Mohammad Hossein and Mirfakhraie, Reza and Piryaei, Mohammad and ZaimKohan, Hooshang}, title = {Association Study of rs3184504 C>T Polymorphism in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease}, abstract ={Cardiovascular disease has become the main factor of death and birth defects in the world and also in Iran. New clinical studies have shown that early diagnosis of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) can contribute to effective prevention or therapeutic structures, which reduce mortality or the next chance of cardiovascular events, and increase the quality of life. Most studies on CAD disease and its genetic risk factors so far, have been done excluding the Iranian population. PubMed was used to search for all relevant studies published on or before 2013 and rs3184504 was selected for association study for CAD. A total of 200 subjects with 100 cases and 100 controls were ultimately included in the analysis. Blood samples were collected and after DNA extraction the DNA analysis was performed by TaqMan Probe Real Time PCR to evaluate the association between candidate variant with the disease and some blood biochemical factors. Our study demonstrated that there was not a direct association between rs3184504 C>T variant with risk of CAD in Iranian population, whereas, there is a significant association between this variant with increased blood LDL and diastolic blood pressure. Further molecular analysis and other disease association studies are necessary in the Iranian population.}, Keywords = {CAD, polymorphism, blood pressure, Iran}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {157-165}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-145-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-145-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Behrouzi, Ava and Bouzari, Saeid and Siadat, Seyed Davar and Irani, Shiv}, title = {In Silico Studies of Outer Membrane of Neisseria Meningitidis PorA: Its Expression and Immunogenic Properties}, abstract ={Neisseria meningitidis is a major causative agent of bacterial septicemia and meningitis in humans. Currently, there are no vaccines to prevent disease caused by strains of N.meningitidis serogroup B. The Class 1 Outer Membrane Protein (OMP) has been named porA which is a cation selective transmembrane protein of 45 KDa that forms trimeric pore in the meningococcal outer membrane. PorA from serogroup B N. meningitidis was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pBAD-gIIIA. Recombinant protein was expressed with arabinose and affinity purified by Ni-NTA agarose, SDS-PAGE and western blotting were performed for protein determination and verification. BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with purified rPorA together with alum adjuvant. Serum antibody responses to serogroups B N.meningitidis were determined by ELISA. Serum IgG response significantly increased in the group immunized with rPorA together with alum adjuvant in comparison with control groups. These results suggest that rPorA can be a potential vaccine candidate for serogroup B N.meningitidis.}, Keywords = {Neisseria meningitides , PorA ,Vaccine}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {166-175}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-163-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-163-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Reiisi, Somayeh and Sanati, Mohammad Hosein and Tabatabaiefar, Mohammad Amin and Ahmadian, Shahla and Reiisi, Salimeh and Parchami, Shahrbanoo and Porjafari, Hamid and Shahi, Heshmat and Shavarzi, Afsaneh and Hashemzadechaleshtor, Mortez}, title = {The Study of SLC26A4 Gene Causing Autosomal Recessive Hearing Loss by Linkage Analysis in a Cohort of Iranian Populations}, abstract ={Sensorineural non-syndromic hearing loss is the most common disorder which affects 1 in 500 newborns. Hearing loss is an extremely heterogeneous defect with more than 100 loci identified to date. According to the studies, mutations in GJB2 are estimated to be involved in 50- 80% of autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss cases, but contribution of other loci in this disorder is yet ambiguous. With regard to studies, DFNB4 locus (SLC26A4) can be classified as the second cause of hearing loss. So, this study aimed to determine the contribution of this locus in hearing loss as well as the frequency of SLC26A4 gene mutations in a population in the west of Iran. In this descriptive laboratory study, we included 30 families from the west of Iran with no mutation in GJB2 gene. Linkage analysis was performed by DFNB4 (SLC26A4) molecular markers (STR). The families with hearing loss linked to this locus were further analyzed for mutation detection. SLC26A4 gene exons were amplified and analyzed using direct DNA sequencing. In studied families, 2 families displayed linkage to DFNB4 locus. Identified mutations include mutation in exon 5 (c.416 G>T) and in splicing site of exon 7 (IVS-2 A>G or c.919-2 A>G).}, Keywords = {SLC26A4, hearing loss, linkage analysis, Iran}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {176-182}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-170-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-170-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Zandi, Mohammad Reza and JafarzadehShirazi, Mohammad Reza and Tamadon, Amin and Akhlaghi, Amir and Salehi, Mohammad Saied and Niazi, Ali and Moghadam, Ali}, title = {Hypothalamic Expression of Melanocortin-4 Receptor and Agouti-related Peptide mRNAs During the Estrous Cycle of Rats}, abstract ={Melanocortin- 4 receptor (MC4R) and agouti- related peptide (AgRP) are involved in energy homeostasis in rats. According to MC4R and AgRP effects on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, they may influence the estrous cycle of rats. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of MC4R and AgRP mRNAs at different stages of estrous cycle in the rat’s hypothalamus. The estrous cycle stages (proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus) were determined in 20 adult female rats using vaginal smears. The rats were divided into four equal groups (n=5). Four ovariectomized rats were selected as controls two weeks after surgery. Using real- time PCR, relative expressions (compared to controls) of MC4R and AgRP mRNAs in the hypothalamus of rats were compared in four different groups of estrous cycle. The relative expression of MC4R mRNA in the hypothalamus of female rats during proestrus stage was higher than those in other stages (P=0.001). Despite a lower mean of relative expression of AgRP mRNA at proestrus stage, the relative expression of AgRP mRNA of the four stages of estrous cycle did not differ (P>0.05). In conclusion, changes in the relative expression of MC4R and AgRP mRNAs in four stages of rat estrous cycle indicated a stimulatory role of MC4R in the proestrus and preovulatory stages and an inhibitory role of AgRP in gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and LH secretions.}, Keywords = {Melanocortin- 4 receptor, agouti- related peptide, hypothalamus, estrous cycle, rat}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {183-189}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-150-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-150-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Babamahmoodi, ّFarhang and Mahdavi, Mohammad reza and Jalali, Hossein and Talebi, Bita and Roshan, Payam and Mahdavi, Mehr}, title = {Evaluation of Gene Mutations Involved in Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Strains Derived from Tuberculosis Patients in Mazandaran, Iran, 2013}, abstract ={Drug resistance (especially multiple drug resistance) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis makes global concerns in treatment and control of tuberculosis. Rapid diagnosis of drug resistant strains of the bacteria has vital importance in the prognosis of the disease. The aim of this study was to identify the mutations responsible for drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains derived from patients with tuberculosis using line probe assay (LPA) method which rapidly detect drug resistant strains and respective mutations. Sputum samples from tuberculosis patients were collected and cultured on Lowenstein– Jensen medium, and then the colonies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from cultures of 54 bacterial positive cases were randomly chosen for DNA extraction. Bacterial DNA was extracted using standard Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) method. In order to identify drug resistant strains and related mutations, LPA method was applied. Three subjects out of 54 investigated cases were resistant to quinolone (5.5%), and resistance to kanamycin/ amikacin, streptomycin, rifampin, and isoniazid were observed in 3 (5.5%), 4 (7.4%), 3 (5.5%), and 2 (3.7%) of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, respectively. In the present study, 4 cases (7.4%) were detected to be resistant to more than one drug. Since LPA is a rapid method that simultaneously detects mutations involved in drug resistance, applying this method in the prediction of drug resistance and selecting appropriate treatment in tuberculosis patients is recommended.}, Keywords = {Tuberculosis, MDR tuberculosis, drug resistance, LPA}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {190-195}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-156-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-156-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Kashfi, Seyed Mohammad Hossein and BehboudiFarahbakhsh, Faegheh and Golmohammadi, Mina and NazemalhosseiniMojarad, Ehsan and Azimzadeh, Pedram and AsadzadehAghdaie, Hami}, title = {Frameshift Mutations (Deletion at Codon 1309 and Codon 849) in the APC Gene in Iranian FAP Patients: a Case Series and Review Of The literature}, abstract ={Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is responsible for <1% of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases and is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Patients generally present hundreds to thousands of adenomas and develop colorectal cancer by age 35- 40 if left untreated. Here we report four patients with germline frameshift mutation (small deletion) at exon 15 of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene. Peripheral blood samples were collected from patients and Exon 15 of the APC gene was studied by direct sequencing after genomic DNA extraction. Four frameshift mutations were detected. Two patients had 5 bp deletion, c.3927_3931delAAAGA and two siblings presented deletion at codon 849 (c.2547_2548delTA p.Asp849fsX62). This study was the first report of genetic screening in Iranian FAP patients. In contrast to other studies we revealed that one patient with mutation at codon 1309 had an attenuated phenotype.}, Keywords = {Adenomatous polyposis coli, colorectal cancer, frameshift mutation}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {196-202}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-167-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-167-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Bayani, Masomeh and Kalantari, Narges and Sharbatdaran, Majid and Abedian, Zeinab and Ghaffari, Salm}, title = {Demonstration of Sarcocystis-like Parasites Found in Peripheral Blood}, abstract ={This report described Sarcocystis-like merozoites in peripheral blood smear of a woman with mild fever, rigor and musculoskeletal pain. Extracellular organisms with a pale blue cytoplasm and one or two nuclei were seen in her blood smear stained with Giemsa. Sarcocystis-like can be considered as a possible cause of some idiopathic febrile diseases.}, Keywords = {Sarcocystis spp., Blood infection, Direct agglutination}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {203-206}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-159-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-159-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Naderi, Malihe and Gholipour, Naghmeh and Zolfaghari, Mohammad Reza and MaryamMoradi, Binabaj and Moghadam, Ahmad Yegane and Gholamreza, Motalleb}, title = {Hepatitis C Virus and Vaccine Development}, abstract ={The prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is approximately 3% around the world. This virus causes chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The effectiveness of interferon-α and ribavirin therapy is about 50% and is associated with significant toxicity and cost. Hence, generating new vaccines or drugs is an obligation. However, there is no vaccine available for clinical use. DNA vaccines have some advantages such as producing feasibility and generating intensive cellular and humoral immune responses. Activation and improvement of natural immune defense mechanisms is a necessity for the development of an effective HCV vaccine. This article discusses the current status of therapies for hepatitis C, the promising new therapies and the experimental strategies to develop an HCV vaccine.}, Keywords = {HCV, DNA vaccine, IFN- α, cellular immune response}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {207-215}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-173-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-173-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Moossavi, Shiri}, title = {Heterogeneity of the Level of Activity of Lgr5+ Intestinal Stem Cells}, abstract ={Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are a group of rare cells located in the intestinal crypts which are responsible for the maintenance of the intestinal homeostasis and intestinal regeneration following injury or inflammation. Lineage tracing experiments in mice have proven that ISCs can repopulate the entire intestinal crypt. It is noteworthy that in such experiments, only a subset of intestinal crypts is marked by the specific marker. This is suggestive of different levels of activity of stem cells in different crypts i.e. intracryptal variation. Niche succession i.e. dominating the entire crypt by the progenies of one stem cell is also suggestive of the intercryptal stem cell heterogeneity. Regional differences in crypt size, proliferative index, and distribution of proliferative cells along the crypt axis have been reported. It is conceivable that ISCs are heterogeneous in terms of their levels of activity. Appreciation of such heterogeneity will significantly challenge the way in which ISCs are investigated. A better understanding of ISC biology will in turn improve our mechanistic understanding of major intestinal disease including inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.}, Keywords = {Intestinal stem cells, heterogeneity, dormancy}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {216-224}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-204-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-204-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Gardin, Chiara and Ferroni, Letizia and Bressan, Eriberto and Guiraldo, Jose Luis and Degidi, Marco and Piattelli, Adriano and Zavan, Barbar}, title = {Adult Stem Cells Properties in Terms of Commitment, Aging and Biological Safety of Grit-Blasted and Acid-Etched Ti Dental Implants Surfaces}, abstract ={Titanium (Ti) is one of the most widely used biomaterials for manufacturing dental implants. The implant surface properties strongly influence osseointegration. The aim of the present study was to in vitro investigate the characteristics of Ti dental implants in terms of mutagenicity, hemocompatibility, biocompatibility, osteoinductivity and biological safety. The Ames test was used to test the mutagenicity of the Ti dental implants, and the hemolysis assay for evaluating their hemocompatibility. Human adipose - derived stem cells (ADSCs) were then seeded onto these implants in order to evaluate their cytotoxicity. Gene expression analyzing with real-time PCR was carried out to investigate the osteoinductivity of the biomaterials. Finally, the genetic stability of the cells cultured onto dental implants was determined by karyotyping. Our results demonstrated that Ti dental implants are not mutagenic, do not cause hemolysis, and are biocompatible. The MTT assay revealed that ADSCs, seeded on Ti dental implants, proliferate up to 30 days in culture. Moreover, ADSCs loaded on Ti dental implants show a substantial expression of some osteoblast specific markers, such as COL1A1, OPN, ALPL, and RUNX2, as well as chromosomal stability after 30 days of culture in a medium without osteogenic factors. In conclusion, the grit-blasted and acid-etched treatment seems to favor the adhesion and proliferation of ADSCs and improve the osteoinductivity of Ti dental implant surfaces.}, Keywords = {Titanium dental implants, surface properties, adipose-derived stem cells, biocompatibility, osteogenic differentiation}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {225-236}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-220-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-220-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {FamilSamavati, Shima and Mohammadi-Motlagh, Hamid-Reza and Mostafaie, Ali}, title = {A highly pure sub-fraction of shallot extract with potent in vitro anti-angiogenic activity}, abstract ={Abstract Our previous studies showed that various extracts of Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium) have anti-angiogenic effects. This study has been undertaken to isolate and identify the major effective anti-angiogeneic sub-fraction of shallot. After preparation of the 50% hydroalcoholic extract of shallot bulbs, the extract was successively fractionated into n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous fractions. Anti-angiogenesis activity of fractions was examined by in vitro angiogenesis assay. The ethyl acetate fraction which had the most anti-angiogenesis activity was further fractionated to four sub-fractions by thin layer chromatography (TLC), silica gel column chromatography and then analyzed by High Performance TLC (HPTLC) with ethyl acetate-methanol-water as the solvent system. Our results showed that one of the four sub-fractions, as the major band in HPTLC, had the most anti-angiogenic activity. Purification and characterization of the major anti-angiogenic compound/compounds of shallot's extract may constitute one means by which diets rich in shallot confer protection against cancer and finally introduce new agents with pharmacological activities in shallot as a potential candidate in cancer therapy.}, Keywords = {Allium hirtifolium, Angiogenesis, Phytochemicals, Cancer, High performance thin layer chromatography}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {237-245}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-198-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-198-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Krishnan, Kannabiran and Mani, Abirami and Jasmine, Subashini}, title = {Cytotoxic Activity of Bioactive Compound 1, 2- Benzene Dicarboxylic Acid, Mono 2- Ethylhexyl Ester Extracted from a Marine Derived Streptomyces sp. VITSJK8}, abstract ={Marine Streptomyces are prolific producers of majority of bioactive secondary metabolites which are used in pharmaceutical industry as effective drugs against life threatening diseases. The cytotoxic activity of the pure compound 1, 2- benzene dicarboxylic acid, mono 2- ethylhexyl ester (DMEHE) from marine derived actinomycete Streptomyces sp. VITSJK8 was investigated against mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH 3T3) and human keratinocyte (HaCaT) normal cell lines, human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG 2) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines by using MTT assay. The compound DMEHE exhibited IC 50 values of 42, 100, 250 and 500 µg/ ml against HepG2, MCF-7, HaCaT and NIH 3T3 cell lines, respectively. The effect of DMEHE on the growth of cancer cell lines was expressed as the % of viability. Cell viability was recorded as 67.7%, 78.14%, 82.23% and 96. 11% in HepG2, MCF-7, HaCaT and NIH 3T3 cells, respectively. The results of the study conclude that the bioactive compound isolated from the potential isolate Streptomyces sp. VITSJK8 exhibited cytotoxic activity against HepG2 and MCF- 7 cancer cell lines and low toxicity against normal HaCaT and NIH 3T3 cell lines.}, Keywords = {Streptomyces sp. VITSJK8, 1, 2- benzene dicarboxylic acid, mono 2- ethylhexyl ester, cytotoxicity, MTT assay}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {246-254}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-218-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-218-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Zolghadri, Yalda and Fazeli, Mehdi and Kooshki, Marzieh and Shomali, Tahoora and Karimaghayee, Negar and Dehghani, Maryam}, title = {Achillea Millefolium L. Hydro- Alcoholic Extract Protects Pancreatic Cells by Down Regulating IL- 1β and iNOS Gene Expression in Diabetic Rats}, abstract ={Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has a role in β- cell destruction in autoimmune diabetes by stimulating the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) that generates the free radical nitric oxide. We aimed to investigate the effect of Achillea millefolium L, as a traditional hypoglycemic agent, on IL-1β and iNOS gene expression of pancreatic tissue in the STZ- induced diabetic rats. Forty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1. diabetic control 2. diabetic rats treated with Achillea millefolium L. extract 3. normal rats received only extract and 4. negative control (n= 10 each). Diabetes was induced by single i.p. injection of 45 mg/ kg streptozotocin (STZ). Rats in groups 2 and 3 were treated with i.p. injection of Achillea millefolium L. extract (100 mg/ kg/ day) for 14 days. Body weight, serum glucose and insulin levels were assayed at baseline and on days 3, 7, 10 and 14 of the experiment. Finally, the quantity of pancreatic IL-1β and iNOS mRNA was determined by real- time PCR. The mRNA expression level of IL-1β and iNOS genes, was significantly (p<0.001) increased in diabetic rats of group 1. Treatment with Achillea millefolium L. caused a significant (p<0.01) reduction in both IL-1β and iNOS genes expression. Moreover, rats in group 2 had higher insulin level associated with lower glucose level and higher body weight compared to control diabetic group. It seems that beneficial effect of Achillea millefolium L. on STZ- induced diabetes is at least partly due to amelioration of IL-1β and iNOS gene over expression which can have a β-cell protective effect.}, Keywords = {Achillea millefolium L., IL-1, iNOS, diabetes, gene expression}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {255-262}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-221-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-221-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Madani, Zahra Sadat and Haddadi, Azam and Mesgarani, Abbas and Seyedmajidi, Maryam and Mostafazadeh, Amrollah and Bijani, Ali and Ashraphpour, Manouchehr}, title = {Histopathologic Responses of the Dental Pulp to Calcium-Enriched Mixture (CEM) and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Rats}, abstract ={Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease which affects the healing ability of the pulp and periodontium. The aim of the present study was to assess the histopathologic response of dental pulp to pulp capping using MTA or CEM cement in diabetic rats. Thirty two Wistar male rats aged between 8 and 10 weeks (weight: 200-250g) were divided into two groups of diabetic (n=16) and healthy (n=16) animals and then subdivided into MTA and CEM subgroups. In each group, 10 MTA treated, 10 CEM treated and 12 intact (without any intervention) teeth were analyzed. Intact teeth were considered as a baseline inflammation control. Then, class I cavity was made in the maxillary first molars teeth with pinpoint pulpal exposure. Either MTA or CEM cement was then placed over exposed pulp as pulp capping agent and the cavities were restored using resin- modified glass ionomer cement. Both teeth of rats in subgroups remained intact without any intervention. After four weeks, the rats were sacrificed and the teeth were subjected to histological evaluation in terms of inflammation intensity, dentin bridge formation and dentin bridge continuity. The CEM cement treated diabetic rats exhibited a significant higher inflammatory response when compared to healthy control group (P=0.004) whereas, MTA treated diabetic rats did not exhibit a significant higher inflammatory response in comparison to healthy controls. There was no significant difference between MTA and CEM cement in the induction of dentin bridge formation in diabetic and healthy controls. This preliminary study suggests that MTA is a superior dental material than CEM cement for pulp therapy in subjects with diabetes.}, Keywords = {Diabetes, direct pulp capping, CEM cement, MTA}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {263-271}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-175-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-175-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Peirzadeh, Sara and Fakhari, Shohreh and Jalili, Ali and Mirzai, Sako and Ghaderi, Bayazeed and Haghshenas, Venous}, title = {Glycyrrhetinic Acid Induces Apoptosis in Leukemic HL60 Cells Through Upregulating of CD95/ CD178}, abstract ={Acute leukemia is characterized by the accumulation of neoplastic cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. Currently, chemotherapy and differentiating agents have been used for the treatment of leukemia. Recently, plant extracts, either alone or in combination with chemo agents, have been proposed to be used for the treatment of cancers. The aim of the present research was to study the cytotoxicity and apoptosis effects of an active licorice-derived compound, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), on human leukemic HL60 cells. HL60 cells were cultured in RPMI1640 containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Cells were treated with different doses of GA and their viability and proliferation were detected by dye exclusion and 3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) assays. Apoptosis induction and expression of CD95 and CD178 were analyzed by flow cytometry. We observed that GA decreases cell viability and suppresses cells proliferation in a dose- dependent manner. In addition, our flow cytometry data show that GA not only induces apoptosis in HL60 cells, but also upregulates both CD95 and CD178 expression on the cell surface of these cells in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of GA with cytotoxic drugs and differentiation agents requires further investigation.}, Keywords = {Acute leukemia, glycyrrhetinic acid, cytotoxicity, apoptosis}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {272-278}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-172-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-172-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Nosrati, Anahita and Naghshvar, Farshad and Khanari, Somaieh}, title = {Cancer Stem Cell Markers CD44, CD133 in Primary Gastric Adenocarcinoma}, abstract ={Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are unique subpopulations that have the capacity to drive malignant progression with renewal abilities. Recently the role of some of CSCs in gastric adenocarcinoma has been studied. This study was performed in order to evaluate CD44 and CD133 expressions by immunohistochemistry in 95 primary gastric adenocarcinoma and their relation to clinical and pathological parameters of these tumors. There was a significant correlation between CD44 expression and cancer subtype (intestinal), tumor size (4-8 cm), depth of invasion, no lymphatic/vascular invasion and moderate differentiation. There was a significant correlation between CD133 expression and patient's age (> 65 years), cancer subtype (intestinal), tumor size (4-8 cm), depth of invasion and moderate differentiation. CSC markers like CD 44 and CD133 had high expression in primary gastric adenocarcinoma and had some relations to clinical and pathological parameters of tumors.}, Keywords = {Primary gastric adenocarcinoma, cancer stem cell, CD44, CD133, immunohistochemistry}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {279-286}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-187-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-187-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Heydari, Shermineh and Hassanzadeh, fahimeh and HassanzadehNazarabadi, Mohamm}, title = {Ring Chromosome 18: A Case Report}, abstract ={Ring chromosomes are rare chromosomal disorders that usually appear to occur de novo. A ring chromosome forms when due to deletion both ends of chromosome fuse with each other. Depending on the amount of chromosomal deletion, the clinical manifestations may be different. So, ring 18 syndrome is characterized by severe mental growth retardation as well as microcephaly, brain and ocular malformations, hypotonia and other skeletal abnormalities. Here we report a 2.5 years old patient with a cleft lip, club foot, mental retardation and cryptorchidism. Chromosomal analysis on the basis of G-banding technique was performed following patient referral to the cytogenetic laboratory. Chromosomal investigation appeared as 46, XY, r(18) (p11.32 q21.32). According to the clinical features of such patients, chromosome investigation is strongly recommended.}, Keywords = {Ring chromosome 18, karyotyping, mental retardation}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {287-289}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-215-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-215-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} }