en Stem Cell Stem Cell Original Article Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;">Scaffolds derived from decellularized tissues provide a natural microenvironment for cell culture. Embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (e-CSF) contains factors which play vital roles in development of the nervous system. This research was aimed to survey the effect of Wistar rat e-CSF on neural differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) cultured on the human amniotic membrane (AM). BM-MSCs were collected from femurs and tibias, and were cultured in Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle&#39;s Medium. The placenta was harvested from healthy women during cesarean section and AM was acellularized using EDTA and physical scrubbing. e-CSF was harvested from rat fetuses at E17. Adequate numbers of BM-MSCs were cultured on acellularized membrane, and were treated with E17 CSF for 7 days. MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay confirmed the survival and proliferation of BM-MSCs cultured on AM derived scaffold. Hematoxylin/eosin staining and scanning electron microscopy showed the morphological and the structural changes of BM-MSCs throughout the culture and treatment with e-CSF. The results of immunocytochemistry showed that microtubule associated protein 2 and beta-III tubulin were expressed in BM-MSCs cultured on acellular amnion scaffold and treated with e-CSF. Our results showed for the first time that the combination of acellular AM as a natural scaffold and e-CSF as a source of neurological factors could effectively improve the BM-MSCs cultivation and differentiation.</div> Cerebrospinal Fluid, Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Neural Differentiation, Amnion Membrane Derived Scaffold 91 101 http://ijmcmed.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1431-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Fereshteh Dorazehi banady69@gmail.com 100319475328460011783 100319475328460011783 No Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Nabiuni devbiokharazmi@gmail.com 100319475328460011784 100319475328460011784 Yes Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Hanieh Jalali jalalidev@gmail.com 100319475328460011785 100319475328460011785 No Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.