en Cell Biology Cell Biology Original Article Original Article <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">This research aimed to compare the effects of chemical gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and green gold nanoparticles (gGNPs) derived from <em>Achillea bielineeinii</em> (AB) extract (gGNP) on antrum diameter.</span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">&nbsp;The expression of genes linked to follicular development in NMRI mice. Real-time PCR and ImageJ software were utilized to evaluate gene expression and antrum diameter, respectively.</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">The gGNPs notably increased the antrum diameter of secondary follicles at a dose of 100 &mu;g/ml compared to that of the GNPs at the same dosage (p &le; 0.05). The antrum diameter of the transplant follicles did not significantly differ across the experimental groups or from the control group. The real-time PCR results showed an increase in the expression of all studied genes (BMP-15, GDF-9, SOD, and GPx) in response to both GNP and gGNPs. However, the impact of gGNPs on gene expression was significantly more than that of GNPs (p &le; 0.05), except for for the SOD gene. </span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Overall, these findings suggest that the use of AB enhances the effects of GNP on parameters associated with follicular development.</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</p> Gold Nanoparticles, Achillea biebersteinii, Expression, Gene, Antrum 1072 1083 http://ijmcmed.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-250-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mohammadreza Abdollahi m_reza_abdolahi@yahoo.com 100319475328460036814 100319475328460036814 No Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Mohammad Zangooei zangooei65@gmail.com 100319475328460036815 100319475328460036815 No Department of Nursing, Qaen School of Medical Sciences, Geriatric Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. Parishad Ghorbani parishdmns@gmail.com 100319475328460036816 0009-0007-0167-3206 No Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. Reihaneh Alsadat Mahmoudian MahmoudianR2@mums.ac.ir 100319475328460036817 100319475328460036817 No Cancer research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Atena Mansouri mansouri_atena@yahoo.com 100319475328460036818 100319475328460036818 Yes Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran