en Clinical Biochemistry Clinical Biochemistry Original Article Original Article <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:14.0pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of death in developed nations. The key risk factors for atherosclerosis are inflammation and lipid disorders which may all be influenced by microRNAs (miRs). This study evaluated the correlation between <i>miR-20a-5p, miR-124-3p, miR-125b-5p</i>, and key atherogenic and inflammatory genes (<i>TLR4, Resistin, CD36, TNF-</i>&alpha;) in PBMCs from patients with angiography-proven atherosclerosis.<b> </b>45 healthy individuals and 45 atherosclerosis patients were selected. After sampling patients and isolating in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cells, gene levels were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. In the atherosclerosis patient group, Toll-like receptor 4 (<i>TLR4</i>) and <i>Resistin</i> were upregulated compared to the control group (<i>p</i> <0.05). Conversely, <i>miR-20a</i> was downregulated in patients and inversely correlated with fasting blood glucose (<i>p</i> <0.05). Additionally, <i>miR</i>-<i>124</i> expression with Resistin had a significant negative correlation (<i>p</i> <0.05). The study confirmed that the expression level of <i>miR-125b</i> levels may serve as a potential biomarker for atherosclerosis (<i>p</i> <0.01). The reduction of <i>miR-20a</i> was related to the risk of developing atherosclerosis (<i>p</i> <0.05). <i>miR-20a</i>, <i>miR-124</i>, and <i>miR-125b</i> present promising therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis. Since atherosclerosis has no specific clinical symptoms and early diagnosis is very important, the diagnostic biomarker <i>miR-125b</i> has the potential to significantly aid in the early detection of various diseases with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74, 52% sensitivity, and 74% specificity. In addition, the measurement of <i>miR-20a</i> helps determine the progression of atherosclerosis risk.</span></span></span></span></p> Atherosclerosis, microRNAs, TLR4, CD36, Resistin 1014 1030 http://ijmcmed.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-8368-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Maysam Mard Soltani maysam.mardsoltani@gmail.com 100319475328460036791 100319475328460036791 No Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran Ghazaleh Bagheri Bagheri ghazaleh.bagheri1@gmail.com 100319475328460036792 0009-0009-2399-8305 No Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Golnar Bakhtyar golnar.bakhtiar94@gmail.com 100319475328460036793 100319475328460036793 No Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Fatemeh Ahmadpour ahmadpourfatimaa@gmail.com 100319475328460036794 100319475328460036794 No Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Lorestan, Iran Arash Amin arashamin@gmail.com 100319475328460036795 100319475328460036795 No Lorestan Heart Center (Madani Hospital), Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran. Gholamreza Shahsavari reza13sh@gmail.com 100319475328460036796 100319475328460036796 Yes Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran