en Biomarkers (diagnosis & treatment) Biomarkers (diagnosis & treatment) Original Article Original Article <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri=""><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" times="">Transforming growth factor-beta/transforming growth factor-beta receptor (TGF-&beta;/TBR) relates to a family of proteins containing TGF-&beta;, cytokines, and activins/inhibins. The signaling pathway of the Hippo regulates the size of organs. There is a kinase cascade in the center of this pathway from the tumor suppressor Hippo (Mst-1 and Mst-2 within the body of mammals) to the oncoprotein Yki (TAZ and YAP within the body of mammals), which is a coactivator that transcript target genes and contributes in cell survival and proliferation. <b>&nbsp;</b>The main objective of the present study is to provide a detailed comprehension of the role of TGF-&beta;/TBR in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and the potential consequences of their use in cancer treatment. The present study examined the expression of key proteins of the Hippo pathway in HCC cells treated with TGF-&beta; proteins and their correlation with the Hippo signaling pathway (HSP). One important achievement of this study was to reveal the significant inhibitory role of the HSP in the growth of HCC cells through TGF-&beta; proteins. Both Yes</span><span mincho="" ms="">‑</span><span new="" roman="" times="">associated protein (YAP) and large tumor suppressor 1 (LATS1) were correlated with HCC cells. In the HSP, LATS1 plays as an upstream inhibitory agent of YAP. Nucleus-cytoplasm translocation of YAP1 and overexpression of LATS1 occurred in HCC cells treated with TGF-&beta;. The nucleocytoplasmic distribution of YAP1 and overexpression of LATS1 have anti-oncogenetic roles in the incidence and progression of HCC. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> &nbsp; Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), Salvador-Warts-Hippo (SWH) pathway, Hippo signaling pathway (HSP) 914 927 http://ijmcmed.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-8160-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Samaneh Moradi Samanehmoradi6756@gmail.com 100319475328460035483 0009-0007-1963-4264 No Departments of Internal Medical, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Radhwan Abdul Kareem radhwanmax@gmail.com 100319475328460035484 0009-0004-7558-3738 No Ahl Al Bayt University , Kerbala . Iraq. Hayder Naji Sameer hayder.n.sa@nust.edu.iq 100319475328460035485 100319475328460035485 No Collage of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, 64001, Iraq Sofi Dadkhoda SoofiD@yahoo.com 100319475328460035486 100319475328460035486 No Department of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Science, Zabol, Iran. Ahmed Yaseen ahmed.yaseen.alsharea@gau.edu.iq 100319475328460035487 0009-0003-0795-3568 No Gilgamesh Ahliya University, Baghdad, Iraq Zainab H Athab zainb@g.alzahu.edu.iq 100319475328460035488 0009-0007-3736-5205 No Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq Mohaned Adil mariamkh681@gmail.com 100319475328460035489 100319475328460035489 No 7Pharmacy college, Al-Farahidi University, Iraq Maryam Jamali Hondori JamaliM@gmail.com 100319475328460035490 0009-0007-9609-1603 No Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Hossein Gandomkar gandomkar.hossein@gmail.com 100319475328460035491 100319475328460035491 Yes Department of Surgical Oncology, Tehran University of Medical Medicine, Tehran, Iran