Effect of Concentrated Apple Extract on Experimental Colitis Induced by Acetic Acid
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Maurício Mercaldi Pastrelo1 , Carla Caroline Dias Ribeiro2 , Joselmo Willamys Duarte1 , Andréa Pitelli Boiago Gollucke3 , Ricardo Artigiani-Neto1 , Daniel Araki Ribeiro3 , Sender Jankiel Miszputen2 , Celina Tizuko Fujiyama Oshima1 , Ana Paula Ribeiro Paiotti 4 |
1- Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. 2- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Gastroenterology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. 3- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil. 4- Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. , a.paiotti@unifesp.br |
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Abstract: (7812 Views) |
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) play a crucial role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) exacerbating the chronic inflammatory process. Endogenous and diet antioxidants can neutralize these compounds. The apple is widely consumed, with several antioxidant activity compounds. The present study evaluated the effects of concentrated apple extract (CAE) in acetic acid induced colitis. 29 Wistar male rats were randomized into 5 groups. G1 – Sham/saline solution, G2 – CAE/control, G3 – acetic acid/control, G4 – curative-CAE treatment and G5 – preventive-CAE treatment. 8 days later, the animals were euthanized and the colonic segment resected for macroscopic and histological analysis. Gene expression was evaluated for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), catalase and copper and zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) by quantitative real time PCR, while protein expression was assessed for iNOS, COX-2 and 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) by immuno-histochemistry. The groups G3, G4 and G5 had weight loss, while G5 had weight increase at the end of the experiment. The treatment with CAE reduced the macroscopic and microscopic injury, decreased iNOS mRNA expression and increased CuZnSOD mRNA expression in animals with induced acetic acid-colitis. The findings of the present study suggest that CAE treatment exerts an antioxidant role by downregulating iNOS and upregulating CuZnSOD.
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Keywords: Experimental colitis, apple extract, antioxidant, iNOS, CuZnSOD |
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Type of Study: Original Article |
Subject:
Histopathology Received: 2016/11/12 | Accepted: 2017/02/5 | Published: 2017/02/13
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