@article{ author = {Farsi, Mir Mehrdad and Kamali, Nematollah and Pourghasem, Mohse}, title = {Embryological Aspects of Oocyte In Vitro Maturation}, abstract ={In Vitro Maturation (IVM) is a method that immature oocytes in antral follicles are extracted and matured in laboratry conditions. This review has attempted to provide the current knowledge and recent findings in in vitro maturation of oocytes and highlights the most important factors involved in this process. The review is based on literature reports and the author’s experience. In IVM cycles, the time of administration of hCG is depending on the diameter of the largest follicle that has been determined to be about 10-12 mm to prevent the detrimental effect of dominant follicle (DF). Higher number of in vivo matured oocytes with dispersed cumulus cells (CC) pattern can be achieved by increasing the time of hCG injection up to 38 h. Growing of oocytes during the final hours of in vitro maturation has profound effect on the following outcome. Injection of IVM oocytes must be delayed at least 1 h after extrusion of the first polar body. IVM outcome shows that the pregnancy rate is low in pure immature oocytes except PCO(s) (Polycystic ovaries and Polycystic ovarian syndrome) cases. Furthermore, endometrial quality may have a crucial role in this respect after non hCG-triggered IVM. The formulation of different types of maturation media shows that they are generally supplemented with recombinant FSH and hCG. Taurine and calcium as unique components of blastocyst medium have been supposed to be valuable to IVM media. Pyruvate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) have been proposed as additives for maturation media. IVM is not a suitable treatment for women over 40 years. Different categories of patients could be candidate for IVM. Despite of old concept in low outcome and caution in IVM indications, innovative findings in this field have opened new windows in the treatment of patients.}, Keywords = {In Vitro Maturation , immature oocyte, follicle}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {99-109}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-83-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-83-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Ehsani, Maryam and Marashi, Mahmood Amin and Zabihi, Ebrahim and Issazadeh, Maryam and Khafri, Soray}, title = {A Comparison between Anti-bacterial Activity of Propolis and Aloe vera on Enterococcus faecalis (an In Vitro Study)}, abstract ={Removing the bacteria, including Enterococcus faecalis, from the root canal is one of the important aims in endodontic treatment.We aimed to compare the antibacterial activity of Chlorhexidine with two natural drugs. The antibacterial activities of three different propolis extracts (alcohol concentrations: 0, 15, 40%) and Aloe vera gel on E. faecalis were compared using three methods: disk diffusion, microdilution and direct contact test. In addition to the above bacterium, the Aloe vera gel effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans was evaluated. Disk diffusion test revealed that propolis ethanolic extracts (the alcohol concentration of 15 and 40%) and Aloe vera gel have antibacterial activities but aqueous extract of propolis did not show any effect in this test. The MICs for propolis ethanolic extracts, Aloe vera gel and aqueous extract of propolis (0% alcohol) were 313 µg/ml, 750 µg/ml, 2250 µg/ml, and ≥ 500 µg/ml respectively, much higher than the Chlorhexidine one. In direct contact test, contrary to Aloe vera, all three propolis extracts showed antibacterial effects on E. faecalis. The Aloe vera gel also showed significant antibacterial effect on S.aureus and S.mutans. The hydroalcoholic extracts of propolis and Aloe vera gel had antibacterial effects on E. faecalis, however, propolis is more potent than Aloe vera. The antibacterial effect of Aloe vera on S. aureus and S. mutans is low (MIC ≥ 2250 µg/ml). Appropriate concentrations of alcoholic extracts of propolis and some fractions of Aloe vera gel might be good choices for disinfecting the root canal in endodontic treatments.}, Keywords = {Chlorhexidine, root canal, antiseptic, S. aureus, S. mutans}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {110-117}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-99-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-99-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {MousavieAnijdan, Sayyed Hossein and Mahdavi, Seied Rabi and Shirazi, Alireza and Zarrinfard, Mohammad Ali and Hajati, Jamshi}, title = {Megavoltage X-ray Dose Enhancement with Gold Nanoparticles in Tumor Bearing Mice}, abstract ={One of the applications of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in medicine is radiation dose-enhancing effect. Although there are many simulations, in vitro and in vivo evidence that GNPs can enhance significantly the radiation dose effect of orthovoltage beams. These beams compared with megavoltage (MV) beams, have limited applications in radiotherapy. In order to evaluate GNPs radiosensitization performance with MV beams in-vivo, we used two most clinically used X-ray beams (6 and 18 MV) with the dose of 20 Gy for each mouse. Intratumoral injection of 50 nm GNPs with the concentration of 5 mg ml-1 was applied to melanoma tumor growing in the left leg of 7 to 8 mice in 4 control and treatment groups of C57BL/6 mice. Albeit, using 10 cm plexiglass jig phantom in the beam path improved the radiation - treatments, the statistical differences between groups were not significant. According to the results, it is concluded that mice can be treated with smaller tumors and higher concentrations of GNPs in MV radiation beams.}, Keywords = {Gold nanoparticles (GNPs), radiation dose enhancement, tumor, megavoltage X-ray}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {118-124}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-95-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-95-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Kalantari, Narges and Bayani, Masomeh and Ghaffari, Salam}, title = {Sarcocystis cruzi: First molecular identification from cattle in Iran}, abstract ={Sarcocystis is a genus of cyst-forming parasites infecting both animals and human. This study aimed to isolate coccidian tissue cysts from muscle of infected animals by a simple method in addition to molecular identification of Sarcocystis cruzi from the samples. The samples were obtained from commercial source in Babol, Northern Iran. Five grams of calf muscle was cut into 2-3 pieces in 30 ml of phosphate-buffered saline containing 0.1% Tween 80 and homogenized with IKA T25, DIGITAL ULTRA-TURRAX. The homogenate was filtrated twice and used for microscopy examination and molecular analysis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and partial sequence analysis of the 18S ribosomal gene were used to identify the Sarcocystis species. Giemsa stain of the filtrated calf muscle samples showed that the sample had ellipse to around tissue cysts contained crescent-shaped bodies. The PCR of the 18SrDNA yielded an 1100 bp DNA band on agarose gel and sequence analysis of the DNA confirmed the isolate as S. cruzi. The sequence was deposited in GenBank by Accession No.KC508514. This is the first molecular identification of an isolate of S. cruzi in Iran.}, Keywords = {Cattle, iran, Sarcocystis cruzi, apicomplexa}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {125-130}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-90-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-90-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Elahimanesh, Farideh and ShabestaniMonfared, Ali and KhosraviFarsani, Meysam and AkhavanNiaki, Haleh and Abedian, Zeinab and Hajian-Tilaki, Karimollah and Borzouisileh, Sajad and Seyfizadeh, Nayer and Amiri, Mehrangiz}, title = {Is Radiosensitivity Associated to Different Types of Blood Groups? (A cytogenetic study)}, abstract ={Many biological factors affect radiosensitivity. In this study, radiosensitivity among the different blood groups was investigated. Peripheral blood sample of 95 healthy people were divided into two parts. One part was irradiated with 2 Gy Co-60 gamma rays and the second one was considered as control. Then all the samples were studied by cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay (CBMN assay). Our study showed that the radiosensitivity index of A+ and O+ groups was significantly higher and lower than other blood groups, respectively. It seems that blood type can be used as a radiosensitivity index for determining the given dose to radiotherapy, although extensive studies are necessary.}, Keywords = {Radiosensitivity, blood group, CBMN assay}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {131-135}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-82-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-82-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Nafarzade, Shimae and Jafari, Sina and Bijani, Ali}, title = {Assessment of Bax and Bcl-2 Immunoexpression in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma}, abstract ={Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of probable immune-based etiology. The pathogenesis of LP is unclear, but apoptotic changes in epidermal (epithelial) cells have been reported. Destruction of the basal cell layer is observed and many changes in cell proliferation, cell repair and cell death occur in the injured mucosal epithelium. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the expression of bax and bcl-2 in oral lichen planus (OLP), well differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma (WOSCC) and normal mucosa. Sixty one paraffin-embedded biopsy including 11 cases of WOSCC, 30 cases of OLP (n=15 erosive OLP [OLP-E], n=15 reticular OLP [OLP-R]) and 20 normal mucosa were entered in our research. We used immunohistochemistry staining method for assessing bax and bcl-2 expression in epithelial layers. The percentage of stained cells was estimated in 5 randomized microscopic fields and classified as (-): 0%, (+) :< 10%, (++): 10-25%, (+++): 26-50%, (++++): > 50% positive cells. The data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney, Chi Square, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Significant differences in bax expression were observed among OLP, WOSCC compared to normal mucosa (P=0.008). No significant difference in bax expression between OLP-E and OLP-R compared to WOSCC was seen (P>0.05). Bcl-2 was negative for all OLP and normal mucosa samples, and weak positivity was observed in WOSCC samples. According to the findings of our study, it may be possible to correlate the difference of bax and bcl-2 expression levels among the mentioned lesions to the malignant potential of OLP.}, Keywords = {Oral Lichen Planus, oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, apoptosis}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {136-142}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-87-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-87-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Ghaemmaghami, Sara and Mohaddes, Seyed Mojtaba and Hedayati, Mehdi and GorgianMohammadi, Masume and Dehbashi, Golnoosh}, title = {Resistin and Visfatin Expression in HCT-116 Colorectal Cancer Cell Line}, abstract ={Adipocytokines, hormones secreted from adipose tissue, have been shown to be associated with many cancers such as breast, prostate and colorectal cancer. Recent studies have indicated that resistin and visfatin, two of these adipokines have high level plasma concentrations in colorectal cancer patients and may be promising biomarkers for colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to identify whether the colorectal cancer cell line, HCT-116, itself is the source of these two adipokines secretion. Resistin and visfatin expression were investigated in HCT-116 by RT – PCR at mRNA level and confirmed by ELISA at protein level. Visfatin showed a high expression at both mRNA and protein levels in HCT-116. Conversely, resistin was not expressed in either cell lysate or supernatant. These results showed that HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells secrete and express visfatin endogenously. However, they are not the main source of resistin and the high level of resistin in colorectal cancer may be due to monocytes and other inflammatory cells which increase in proinflammation status of cancer. Taken together, visfatin may act on colorectal cancer cell in an autocrine manner while resistin may act in a paracrine manner.}, Keywords = {Visfatin, resistin, colorectal cancer}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {143-150}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-85-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-85-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Shojaee, Mahdieh and Fereidooni, Majid and Maliji, Ghorban and Bijani, Ali and AghajanpourMir, Seyed Mohsen and MousaviKani, Narges}, title = {C - Reactive Protein Levels in Patients with Periodontal Disease and Normal Subjects}, abstract ={Although periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease but some factors of acute inflammation phase are involved in this disease among which is the C-Reactive protein (CRP). To minimize its effects, anti-inflammatory drugs or non-pharmacological approaches such as oral hygiene is recommended. CRP can also be used for the prediction and early detection of periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was the comparison of the amount of salivary C-Reactive protein (CRP) in healthy subjects and patients with periodontal disease. This case-control study was done on 90 patients referred to the Department of Periodontology of Babol Dentistry School. These subjects were divided into three groups of healthy (n = 30), gingivitis (n = 30), and chronic periodontitis (n = 30), based on Gingival Index (GI) and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) indices. 2ml saliva samples were collected from these people and clinical indicators including GI, CAL, Periodontal Pocket Depth (PPD), and Bleeding Index (BI) were assessed. ELISA method was used to evaluate the salivary CRP levels. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software by non-Parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation coefficient and P<0.05 was considered significant. The mean salivary CRP levels were 5332.62±5051.63pg/ml in periodontitis patients, 3545.41±3061.38pg/ml in gingivitis group and 3108.51±3574.47pg/ml in healthy subjects. The statistic analysis showed a significant difference in salivary CRP concentrations between the periodontitis patients and healthy subjects (P=0.045). The results indicate that there is a significant association between periodontitis and salivary CRP concentrations.}, Keywords = {CRP, periodontitis, gingivitis,saliva}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {151-155}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-88-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-88-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2013} }