@article{ author = {Srivastava, Shikha and Shahi, U P and Dibya, Arti and Gupta, Sadhana and Roy, Jagat K}, title = {Distribution of HPV Genotypes and Involvement of Risk Factors in Cervical Lesions and Invasive Cervical Cancer: A Study in an Indian Population}, abstract ={Human papilloma virus (HPV) is considered as the main sexually transmitted etiological agent for the cause and progression of preneoplastic cervical lesions to cervical cancer. This study is discussing the prevalence of HPV and its genotypes in cervical lesions and invasive cervical cancer tissues and their association with various risk factors in women from Varanasi and its adjoining areas in India. A total of 122 cervical biopsy samples were collected from SS Hospital and Indian Railways Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Varanasi and were screened for HPV infection by PCR using primers from L1 consensus region of the viral genome. HPV positive samples were genotyped by type-specific PCR and sequencing. The association of different risk factors with HPV infection in various grades of cervical lesion was evaluated by chi-square test. A total of 10 different HPV genotypes were observed in women with cervicitis, CIN, invasive squamous cell cervical carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Increased frequency of HPV infection with increasing lesion grade (p=0.002) was observed. HPV16 being the predominant type was found significantly associated with severity of the disease (p=0.03). Various socio- demographic factors other than HPV including high parity (p<0.0001), rural residential area (p<0.0001), elder age (p<0.0001), low socio-economic status (p<0.0001) and women in postmenopausal group (p<0.0001) were also observed to be associated with cervical cancer.These findings show HPV as a direct cause of cervical cancer suggesting urgent need of screening programs and HPV vaccination in women with low socio-economic status and those residing in rural areas.}, Keywords = {Cervical cancer, clinical- pathological parameters, genotypes, human papillomavirus, socio-demographic factors, rural area}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {61-73}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-158-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-158-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Golpour, Monireh and AkhavanNiaki, Haleh and Khorasani, Hamid Reza and Hajian, Arian and Mehrasa, Roya and Mostafazadeh, Amrollah}, title = {Human Fibroblast Switches to Anaerobic Metabolic Pathway in Response to Serum Starvation: A Mimic of Warburg Effect}, abstract ={Fibroblasts could be considered as connective tissue cells that are morphologically heterogeneous with diverse functions depending on their location and activity. These cells play critical role in health and disease such as cancer and wound by Production of collagen, fibronectin, cytokines and growth factors. Absence of insulin and other growth factors in serum deprivation condition and similarity of this condition to the environment of tumor cells and ulcer made us to investigate anaerobic glycolysis in these cells. To this end, we cultured fibroblasts isolated from fresh human newborn foreskin in serum free medium for 16, 24, 48 and 72 hrs and measured glucose consumption, lactate secretion and intracellular LDH in these cells. The results showed despite the lack of insulin, the 16hr serum starved fibroblasts consumed glucose similar to non-starved fibroblasts control. Moreover, in this condition these cells secreted higher levels of lactate and exhibited higher levels of intracellular LDH in comparison to non-starved fibroblasts control. Thus it could be concluded that in serum starvation condition, the newborn human dermal fibroblasts may change the metabolic strategy to Warburg effect. This finding opens a new perspective to further understanding the basic mechanisms involved in communication between tumor cells and fibroblasts.}, Keywords = {Fibroblast, serum starvation, lactate, warburg effect}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {74-80}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-143-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-143-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Seyedmajidi, Seyed Ali and Seyedmajidi, Maryam and Moghadamnia, Aliakbar and Khani, Zohrah and Zahedpasha, Samir and Jenabian, Niloofar and Joorsaraee, Gholamali and Halalkhor, Sohrab and Motallebnejad, Mi}, title = {Effect of Zinc-Deficient Diet on Oral Tissues and Periodontal Indices in Rats}, abstract ={Zinc (Zn) as a nutritional factor affects the health of the oral tissues. This study was done for the evaluation of the effects of zinc deficiency on the oral tissues of rats. The study was carried out on 14 male Wistar rats, cessation of lactation on the 24th day after birth. The rats were randomly divided into two groups. Zinc deficient (ZD) diet was used for one group and another group was fed with a zinc-containing (ZC) diet. The alterations of the oral tissues in both groups were evaluated clinically after four weeks. Also the gingival index and periodontal pocket depth were recorded. The measurement of serum zinc level was done by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The microscopic slides of oral tissue specimen were evaluated quantitatively. The serum zinc level of the ZD rats was lower than the ZC group (p< 0.001). According clinical findings, the gingival index was lower in ZC rat (p=0.001), but there was no significant difference regarding the periodontal pocket depth between two groups (p=0.07). Aphthous ulcer was observed in ZD rats on the floor of the mouth. There was no significant difference regarding the epithelial and keratin thickening between two groups. This study indicated that oral and periodontal health was better in ZC rats than in ZD rats. Aphthous lesions were more prominent in ZD rats. This study confirmed that zinc deficiency may endanger oral and periodo ntal structures.}, Keywords = {Zinc, oral tissue, periodontal indices}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {81-87}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-114-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-114-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Yalcintepe, Sinem and Silan, Fatma and Hacivelioglu, Servet and Uludag, Ahmet and Cosar, Emine and Ozdemir, Ozturk}, title = {Fetal Vegf Genotype is More Important for Abortion Risk than Mother Genotype}, abstract ={Background VEGF gene has been reported to be related with many diseases and recurrent pregnancy loss in various studies. VEGF polymorphisms are risk factors for pregnancy losses, and generally studies report only women’s genetic analyses. To evaluate the association between VEGF A C405G, C460T, C936T and C2578A polymorphisms and spontaneous abortion, we studied the genotypes of spontaneously aborted fetuses, their mothers and healthy control cases. Methods 23 spontaneously aborted fetal materials, 22 mothers who had these abortions and 86 healthy control cases included to this study. VEGF A C405G, C460T, C936T and C2578A polymorphisms are analysed by Real Time PCR technique after genomic DNA isolation from all samples. Results VEGF A +405GG genotype and +405G allele were higher in fetuses comparing both with mothers and healthy control group. VEGF A +936TT genotype and +936T allele were higher in fetuses comparing with mothers. VEGF A +460C/T polymorphism CT and TT genotypes were higher in fetuses comparing with mothers. Conclusions We ascertained that VEGF A +405C/G, +460C/T, and +936C/T polymorphisms are risk factors for spontaneous abortion in fetal genotypes comparing with their mothers and healthy control cases.}, Keywords = {Spontaneous abortion, VEGF, Polymorphism, Fetus, SNP}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {88-94}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-154-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-154-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Seghatoleslam, Atefeh and Bozorg-Ghalati, Farzaneh and Monabati, Ahmad and Nikseresht, Mohsen and Owji, Ali Akbar}, title = {UBE2Q1, as Down Regulated Gene in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia}, abstract ={Ubiquitin - proteasome system (UPS), the major protein degradation pathway in the cells, typically degrades short - lived and damaged proteins and regulates growth and stress responses. This pathway is altered in various cancers, including Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). ALL begins with a change in bone marrow cells and is the most common type of leukemia in children under 15 years. UBE2Q1 as a new characterized gene of E2 enzyme family is located on chromosome 1 and reported to be altered in some malignancies. In this study, we aimed to explore the expression pattern of UBE2Q1 gene in children with ALL. For this purpose, a series of RT - PCR and quantitative RT - PCR were performed on a collection of 20 bone marrow samples of ALL patients and the same number of whole blood samples of age - matched normal subjects. Gel electrophoresis of RT - PCR products revealed the expression of UBE2Q1 mRNA in most of the normal (90%) and about half of the leukemic (45%) samples. QRT - PCR data indicated that only 1 patient out of 20 (5%) showed up regulation of the gene (> 2 folds). In 4 patients (20%), the expression of UBE2Q1 mRNA was equivocal (from 1/2 to 2) and in 15 cases (75%), the gene was down regulated (> 1/2) when compared to the normal samples. In conclusion, down regulation of UBE2Q1 in the majority of the leukemic samples suggests its potential implication in the pathogenesis of ALL. UBE2Q1 can be considered as a molecular marker and a candidate targeting to treat ALL in the future.}, Keywords = {Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, UBE2Q1, QRT-PCR, pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {95-101}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-130-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-130-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Fattahi, Sadegh and MotevalizadehArdekani, Ali and Zabihi, Ebrahim and Abedian, Zeinab and Mostafazadeh, Amrollah and Pourbagher, Roghayeh and Akhavan-Niaki, Haleh}, title = {Total Phenolics and Flavonoids Contents of Aqueous Extract of Stinging nettle and In Vitro Antiproliferative Effect on Hela and BT- 474 cell lines}, abstract ={Phenolic compounds including flavonoids and phenolic acids are plants secondary metabolites. Due to their ability to act as antioxidant agents, there is a growing interest to use those components in traditional medicine for cancer prevention or treatment. The aim of this study was to measure the amounts of total phenolics and flavonoids as well as anti-proliferative effect of aqueous extract of Stinging nettle on BT-474 and Hela cell lines. The amounts of phenolics content and total flavonoids were determined by folin ciocalteu and aluminium chloride methods, respectively. The free radical scavenging activity was measured by using diphenyl - picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The reducing power of the extract was measured in the presence of potassium hexacyanoferrate and its antiproliferative activity was assessed on BT-474 and Hela cell lines using MTT assay. Total phenolic content was 322.941± 11.811 mg gallic acid/g extract. Total flavonoid content was 133.916±12.006 mg Catechin/g. The IC50 of DPPH radical was 1.2 mg/ ml and the reducing power was 218.9± 15.582 μg ascorbic acid/ g. Cell viability of BT-474 cells decreased to less than half of the control (no added extract) at the presence of 3 mg/ ml extract while no significant changes were detected for Hela cells at similar conditions. There was no significant difference in the percentage of surviving cells between consecutive days (day 1, 2 and 3) for both BT-474 and Hela cells (P>0.05). Although the relatively high amount of phenolic and flavonoid contents of the aqueous extract make this plant a promising candidate for diseases treatment however, there is not a direct relationship between the amounts of these antioxidant components and the efficiency in in vitro cancer treatment.}, Keywords = {Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Antioxidant activity, Stinging nettle, Antiproliferative Effect}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {102-107}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-131-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-131-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Moazzezy, Neda and Oloomi, Mana and Bouzari, Saei}, title = {Effect of Shiga Toxin And Its Subunits On Cytokine Induction in Different Cell Lines}, abstract ={Shiga toxins (Stxs) are bacterial virulence factors produced by Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and Escherichia coli strains. Stxs are critical factors for the development of diseases such as severe bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Additionally, Stxs trigger the secretion of pro- inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, particularly in monocytes or macrophages. The inflammatory cytokines result in the modulation of the immune system, local inflammations and enhancement of cytotoxicity. In this study, stimulation of the pro- inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α was assessed by recombinant Stx (rStx) and its subunits (rStxA and rStxB). Cytokines expression at mRNA level was investigated by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method in HeLa cells and THP1 monocyte/ macrophage cell lines. After incubation with rStx and its recombinant subunits, the expression of IL-1α, IL- 6 and IL- 8 mRNAs was strongly induced in HeLa cells. In HeLa cells, low expression of IL-1α mRNA was shown by rStxB induction. Furthermore, the expression of IL-1α and IL-1β mRNAs in undifferentiated THP1 cells was only induced by rStx. In differentiated THP1 cells, rStx and its recombinant subunits elicited the expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-8 and IL- 6 mRNAs. On the other hand, expression of TNF-α mRNA was only induced by rStx. Based on the data, the profile of cytokine induction in response to the rStx, and its subunits differs depending on the cell types.}, Keywords = {Cytokine, heLa cell line, shiga toxin, THP1 cell line}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {108-117}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-148-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-148-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Monemi, Mohammad Bagher and Kazemitabar, Kamal and Khaniki, Gholamreza Bakhshee and Yasari, Esmaeil and Sohrevardi, Firouzeh and Pourbagher, Roghayeh}, title = {Tissue Culture Study of the Medicinal Plant Leek (Allium ampeloprasum L.)}, abstract ={Persian shallot, also called leek (Allium ampeloprasum), is a monocotyledon plant of the lily family (Liliaceae). It belongs to the genus Allium, has a characteristic taste and morphological features, and is considered as one of the oniony vegetables. This research was conducted with the purpose of obtaining optimal conditions for tissue culture of Persian shallot and of comparing calli and leaf tissues of this plant with respect to in vivo presence of ethereal oils. In this study, the auxin hormone 2, 4–D at three levels (0.5, 0.1, and zero), the hormone BAP at three levels (0.5, 0.1, and zero), and Kin at two levels (zero, and 0.5) were used in the format of a randomized complete block design in three replications. Results obtained showed that the best culture for callus formation for explants – leaf samples and the best culture for callus formation in explants – seed samples were the MS cultures with the hormonal compositions (0.5 mg of 2, 4–D, 0.1 mg of BAP) and (0.5 mg of Kin and 0.1 mg of 2, 4–D). Identification of the chemical composition of the essential oils of the various species of this plant was carried out by using an essential oil analysis GC mass. Twenty one compounds were observed in the column obtained from the GC mass, seven of which (constituting about 51.5% of the total amount of compounds present in the essential oils) were identified.}, Keywords = {Leek, Allium ampeloprasum, tissue culture, chromatography, essential oil}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {118-125}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-133-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-133-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Shomali, Tahoora and Mosleh, Najmeh and kamalpour, Mohamm}, title = {Screening of Different Organs of Rats for HCA2 Receptor mRNA}, abstract ={Interest in hydroxy - carboxylic acid 2 (HCA2) receptor has been raised since it is the target of antidyslipidemic drug nicotinic acid. The present study aimed to evaluate the presence of mRNA of this receptor in different organs of laboratory rat. Twenty two different organs of rats including mesenteric fat, epididymis (head, body and tail), testis, ovary, xiphoid process, liver, adrenal gland, femoral head, proximal epiphyseal and metaphyseal bone marrow of femur, esophagus, glandular stomach, forestomach, intestines, colons, heart, spleen, kidney, trachea, lung, skeletal muscle (quadriceps), cerebrum and cerebellum were removed and examined for HCA2 mRNA by RT- PCR method. The mRNA for HCA2 receptor was detected in all tissues analyzed. In conclusion, different organs of rat express HCA2 receptor mRNA which makes it a proper animal model for future studies on the physiological and pharmacological roles of this receptor in vivo.}, Keywords = {HCA2 receptor mRNA, rat, RT-PCR}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {126-129}, publisher = {Babol University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-132-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijmcmed.org/article-1-132-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (IJMCM)}, issn = {2251-9637}, eissn = {2251-9645}, year = {2014} }