en Infectious disease (Molecular and Cellular aspects) Infectious disease (Molecular and Cellular aspects) Review Review <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%">Metabolomics, the comprehensive analysis of small-molecule metabolites within biological systems, has emerged as a powerful analytical platform for advancing the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of infectious diseases. Leveraging high-throughput technologies such as mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), metabolomics enables the identification of distinct metabolic fingerprints associated with infections, offering novel metabolomic insights host-pathogen interactions and disease pathophysiology. MS-based platforms, coupled with chromatographic techniques like gas chromatography (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography (LC-MS), provide exceptional sensitivity and specificity for metabolite detection in biofluids such as blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). NMR spectroscopy complements these approaches by enabling non-destructive, reproducible analyses ideal for longitudinal studies and treatment monitoring. In infectious disease diagnostics, metabolomics has demonstrated the ability to differentiate bacterial, viral, and fungal infections through unique metabolic signatures. For example, bacterial sepsis is characterized by significant perturbations in lipid metabolism, including alterations in phospholipids and sphingolipids, which correlate with systemic inflammation and immune activation. Beyond diagnostics, metabolomics contributes to understanding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by profiling metabolic reprogramming in resistant strains, revealing mechanisms such as increased efflux pump activity, biofilm formation, and membrane remodeling. These insights present potential therapeutic targets and inform personalized treatment strategies. The integration of metabolomics with genomics and proteomics further enhances diagnostic and prognostic accuracy. This review details metabolomics applications in sepsis, meningitis, tuberculosis (TB), respiratory tract infections (RTIs), UTIs, and <i>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)</i> infections, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize infection management while discussing current challenges and future directions. </span></span></span></span></span></p> <br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span> Metabolomic, infectious, antimicrobial resistance,gas chromatography , nuclear magnetic resonance 1285 1299 http://ijmcmed.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-8737-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Haidar Qassim Raheem haiderbio412@gmail.com 100319475328460037144 100319475328460037144 Yes DNA Research center, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq Ilham A Bunyan Ilhamalsaedi2008@gmail.com 100319475328460037145 100319475328460037145 No Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine , University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq Mustafa Raheem Tuamah pre637.mustafa.raheem@uobabylon.edu.iq 100319475328460037146 0009-0004-7159-8502 No DNA Research center, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq Fadhil Handhal Khleif mic.fadhil78@yahoo.com 100319475328460037147 0009-0003-6360-3044 No Department of Medical Laboratory techniques, AlAmal College For Specialized Medical Sciences, Karbala-56001, Iraq Ehsan F Hussein ehsan.f.hussein@gmail.com 100319475328460037148 100319475328460037148 No Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq. Hussein Fadil Ibrahim pre821.hussien.fadel@uobabylon.edu.iq 100319475328460037149 100319475328460037149 No DNA Research center, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq Hawraa Majid Hassan pre317.hawraa.majid@uobabylon.edu.iq 100319475328460037150 100319475328460037150 No DNA Research center, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq