en Stem Cell Stem Cell Original Article Original Article <p>The biological interaction between the jaw bones and dental implant is fundamental for the long-term success of dental implant placement. Nevertheless, the insufficient bone volume remains a major clinical problem, especially in case of immediate dental implant. Using a canine model, the present study proves the regenerative potential of adipose- derived stem cells (ADSCs) to repair peri-implant bone defects occurring in immediate dental implant placement. In six labradors, all mandibular premolars and the first molars were extracted bilaterally and three months later dental implants were installed with a marginal gap. The marginal defects were filled with hydroxyapatite (HA)-based scaffolds previously seeded with ADSCs. After one month of healing, specimens were prepared for histological and histomorphometric evaluations. Histological analyses of ground sections show that ADSCs significantly increase bone regeneration. Several new vessels, osteoblasts and new bone matrix were detected. By contrast, no inflammatory cells have been revealed. ADSCs could be used to accelerate bone healing in peri- implant defects in case of immediate dental implant placement.</p> Adipose- derived stem cells, alveolar bone loss, peri- implant bone defect, immediate dental implant, bone regeneration, hydroxyapatite 197 208 http://ijmcmed.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-290-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Eriberto Bressan guazoz@unipd.it 10031947532846006055 10031947532846006055 No Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. Daniele Botticelli sbricoli@unipd.it 10031947532846006056 10031947532846006056 No Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medical Science, La Habana, Cuba. Stefano Sivolella Riccisa@unipd.it 10031947532846006057 10031947532846006057 No Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. Franco Bengazi Sicolella@unipd 10031947532846006058 10031947532846006058 No Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medical Science, La Habana, Cuba. Riccardo Guazzo Botticelli@unipd.it 10031947532846006059 10031947532846006059 No Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. Luca Sbricoli ferroni@unipd.it 10031947532846006060 10031947532846006060 No Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. Sara Ricci gardin@unipd.it 10031947532846006061 10031947532846006061 No Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. Letizia Ferroni barbara.zavan@unipd.it 10031947532846006062 10031947532846006062 No Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Bassi 58, 35100 Padua, Italy. Chiara Gardin bressan@unipd.it 10031947532846006063 10031947532846006063 No Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Bassi 58, 35100 Padua, Italy. Joaquin Urbizo Velez 10031947532846006064 10031947532846006064 No Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medical Science, La Habana, Cuba. Barbara Zavan 10031947532846006065 10031947532846006065 Yes Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Bassi 58, 35100 Padua, Italy.